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高等学校水利类统编教材《水利专业外语》迟道才周振民主编上传人单位：华北水利水电学院水利系目录Lesson1importanceofwater水的重要性...................................................................................2Lesson2theHydrologicCycle水循环.........................................................................................4Lesson3hydrology水文学...........................................................................................................6Lesson4undergroundwater地下水...........................................................................................10Lesson5whatcausesflooding洪水是怎样形成的....................................................................14Lesson6natureofwaterpollution水污染的性质.....................................................................17Lesson7Planningforwaterresourcesdevelopment水资源开发规划......................................20Lesson8reservoirs水库..............................................................................................................24Lesson9Propertiesofconcrete混凝土的特性...........................................................................28Lesson10basicconceptsofreinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土基本概念....................................33Lesson11dams坝.......................................................................................................................36Lesson12embankmentdams土石坝.........................................................................................40Lesson13concretegravitydamonrockfoundations岩基上的混凝土重力坝.......................44Lesson14Archdams拱坝..........................................................................................................48Lesson15spillways溢洪道.........................................................................................................52Lesson16designforces设计作用力..........................................................................................56Lesson17Significanceofinfiltrationandprocessofinfiltration入渗重要性及过程..............60Lesson18evapotranspiration腾发量.........................................................................................63Lesson19irrigationmethods灌溉方法......................................................................................66Lesson20irrigationcanals灌溉渠道..........................................................................................74Lesson21landdrainage耕地排水..............................................................................................77Lesson22methodsofapplicationsofdripirrigationsystems滴灌系统的应用方法...............81Lesson23hydraulicturbines水轮机...........................................................................................84Lesson24hydro-electricpower水力发电..................................................................................88Lesson25differentialleveling水准测量（微差水准测量）...................................................94Lesson26constructionandequipment施工和设备...................................................................99Lesson27engineeringeconomyinwaterresourcesplanning水利规划中工程经济.............102Lesson28soilerosionandsoilconservation土壤侵蚀与土壤保持.......................................108Lesson29groundwaterandclimatechange地下水与气候变化.............................................112Lesson30irrigationperformanceevaluation灌溉运行评价...................................................115Lesson31bidding,bidopeningandawardofcontract招标、开标和授予合同....................118Lesson32howtowriteascientificpaper如何撰写科技论文.................................................1212Lesson1importanceofwater水的重要性Waterisbestknownandmostabundantofallchemicalcompoundsoccurringinrelativelypureformontheearth’ssurface.Oxygen,themostabundantchemicalelement,ispresentincombinationwithhydrogentotheextentof89percentinwater.Watercoversaboutthreefourthsoftheearth'ssurfaceandpermeatescracksofmuchsolidland.ThePolarRegions(原文polarregions)areoverlaidwithvastquantitiesofice,andtheatmosphereoftheearthcarrieswatervaporinquantitiesfrom0.1percentto2percentbyweight.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheamountofwaterintheatmosphereaboveasquaremileoflandonamildsummerdayisoftheorderof50,000tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。在水中，氧这种最丰富的化学元素与氢结合，其含量多达89%。水覆盖了地球表面的大约3/4的面积，并充满了陆地上的许多裂缝。地球的两极被大量的冰所覆盖，同时大气也挟带有占其重量0.1%～2%的水蒸气。据估计，在温暖的夏日，每平方英里陆地上空大气中的水量约为5万吨。Alllifeonearthdependsuponwater,theprincipalingredientoflivingcells.Theuseofwaterbyman,plants,andanimalsisuniversal.Withoutittherecanbenolife.Everylivingthingrequireswater.Mancangonearlytwomonthswithoutfood,butcanliveonlythreeorfourdayswithoutwater.地球上所有的生命都有赖于水而存在，水是活细胞的基本组分（要素）。人类、植物和动物都得用水。没有水就没有生命。每一种生物都需要水。人可以接近两个月不吃食物而仍能活着，但不喝水则只能活三四天。Inourhomes,whetherinthecityorinthecountry,waterisessentialforcleanlinessandhealth.TheaverageAmericanfamilyusesfrom65,000to75,000gallonsofwaterperyearforvarioushouseholdpurposes.在我们的家庭中，无论是在城市还是农村，水对于卫生和健康来说都是必不可少的。美国家庭的年平均用水量达6.5～7.5万加仑。Watercanbeconsideredastheprincipalrawmaterialandthelowestcostrawmaterialfromwhichmostofourfarmproducesismade.Itisessentialforthegrowthofcropsandanimalsandisaveryimportantfactorintheproductionofmilkandeggs.Animalsandpoul