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(241008),,1,,2:(1)();(2)(),,,,,1791(Gal2vani);1800(Volta),,,,,,,,,,,1803(Petrov);1804(Grotgus),;1834(M.Faraday),,:2CH3COO-C2H6+2CO2+2e-1849(H.Kolbe),,:2RCOO-RR+2CO2+2e-,,,,1000,,,30,;,(Nernst),,60,,,,1961(M.Baizer):2CH2=CHCN+2H2O+2e-NC(CH2)4CN+2OH-266,192001781965MonsantoCo.1.2t/a,20t/a,NalcoChemicalCo.Grignard:4C2H6MgCl+PbPb(C2H6)4+4MgCl++4e-,,,,2,:2.1,,,,:(1):;;;;;;,(2):;;;;;:(1);(2):NO2+4eCH3OH,H2SO4HONO2(3);(4):CH3+4Ce4++H2O-4eCHO+4Ce3++4H+(5);(6);(7);(8)SPE;(9):L2(10);(11)::NH2(CH2)3OH-4e,PbO2,H2SO4NH2(CH2)2COOH81%:COOHCOOH+4e,Pb,H2OCHOCOOH72%(12)C12CO2;(13);(14)2.2,,,,,I,IIII,,2000,2.3,,,,,,292001782.4,,,,(ECD),(LCD),,ECD,,,,,,(10ms20ms),Miasik,,,,2.5,,2.6,2.7,;;,,2.8,500,,,,360,,,,,,,(BASF)(Hoechest);(Monsanto)(DowChemical)3M(DuPont);(Holliday);;,7080,,,,Dow3,6222,DuPont(TMTD)Shell(),Monsanto,1985Monsanto100,198610Kurashiki,15,,6:(1),,(2),(3),(4)(5),(6)19979,20,30,1988400,10,10(ISE),,,46(95)39200178,,(),,[3][4]3,,,,,;,(,1875,,1887),,,,(1889,1895),,,190070,:,,,,,,(1904)1908,1910114,[5],[1]Vorlaender,Ber.deut.chem.Gesell.,Band1912,(45):1855-1902[2]VolhardJa.J.prakt.Chem.,[2],1874,(9):217-224b.Ann.Chem.,Band1878,(190):1-61[3]Kolthoff,I.M.,Stengef,V.A.VolumetricAnalysis,1947,285295[4]...,:,1987:9779901076108411371160[5]..:,1990:434436(93)19958,900,,21,:21,,,,:;CO2(CO2),;,;();;;(ECD);,,,,[1],..:,1997[2].20.:,1998[3].().:,1999[4],..:,1989[5]..:,199259200178