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Unit1Grammar优秀教案Teachingaims1．Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.2．Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.TeachingproceduresRevisionAskseveralstudentstoretellMarty'sstory.ShowMarty'sminibiographyonthePowerPoint.MyminibiographyNameMartyFieldingStatusHighschoolstudentHealthDevelopedamusclediseaseattheageof10，veryweak，cannotdothingslikenormalpeopleInterestsandHobbies·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoiseAmbitionToworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwareMottoLiveonedayatatimeDiscoveringusefulstructures1．基本概念不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。2．基本形式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/否定形式nottodonottobedone疑问词＋不定式wh－todowh－tobedone复合结构sb.todo/forsb.todo/3.句法功能不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即forsb.todosth.。Itisgoodtohelpothers.(subject)Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighbourhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.(subject)MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)Idon'thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.(attributive)Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.(object)MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(object)Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.(adverbial)SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.(adverbial)Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(objectcomplement)4．不定式的时态与语态根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(todo)，完成式(tohavedone)，完成进行式(tohavebeendoing)，进行式(tobedoing)等时态形式以及被动形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。Hedidn'tallowustogohomeearly.他不允许我们早回家。Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.他好像看过这部电影。Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.据说她住在该城市六年了。Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.据说他几年前在国外学习过。Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.据说此书已被译成了多种语言。[注意]1．Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wishForexample：Ican'taffordtogotothepub.Heagreedtopracticemore.Youshouldlearntoexpressyourself.Theymanagedtofixtheproblem.2．ExplanationofthegerundandtheinfinitiveSomewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe－ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs：beginHebegantalking.Hebegantotalk.ContinueTheycontinuesmoking.Theycontinuetosmoke.HateDoyouhateworkingonSaturdays？DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays？LikeIlikeswimming.Iliketoswim.LoveShelovespainting.Shelovestopaint.preferPatpreferswalkinghome.Patpreferstowalkhome.StartTheystartsinging.Theystarttosing.Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund：verb＋-ingInfinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitiveadviseTheyadvisewalkingtotown.Theyadviseustowalktotown.allowTheydonotallowsmokinghere.Theydonotallowustosmokehere.encourageTheyencouragedoingthetest.Theyencourageustodothetest.permitTheydonotpermitsmokinghere.Theydonotpermitustosmokehere.Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend：recommendTheyrecommendwalkingtotown.Theyrecommendthatwe(should)walktotown.(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.GERUNDINFINITIVEforgetHe'llneverforgetspendingsomuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。Don'tforgettospendmoneyonthetickets.不要忘记用钱去买票。goonGoonreadingthetext.继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)Goontoreadthetext.继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)meanYouhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoningyourmother.你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。Imeanttophoneyourmother，butmymobiledidn'twork.我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。rememberIrememberswitchingoffthelightswhenIwentonholiday.我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。Remembertoswitchoffthelightswhenyougoonholiday.当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。stopStopreadingthetext.停止读这篇文章。Stoptoreadthetext.停下来读这篇文章。tryWhydon'tyoutryrunningafterthedog？你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？Itriedtorunafterthedog，butI．..我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……DrillingAskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.Keys：tohavekeptyouwaiting；tohaveforgotten；tohavefinished；AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.Keys：tohavespent；Tofree；tosee；totreat；tohelppass；toabolish4HomeworkFinishoffExercises2and3onP49.