论我国犯罪被害人国家救济制度的构建

华中科技大学硕士学位论文论我国犯罪被害人国家救济制度的构建姓名：徐游申请学位级别：硕士专业：法律指导教师：王全刚20090523IIIAbstractTheCriminalvictimisthepersonwhosepersonalrights,propertyrights,democraticrightsandotherlegitimaterightsandinterestsareharmeddirectlybycrime.Recently,theproblemoftheprotectionofthevictimshasbeennoticedbypeoplefromallwalksoflife.Intheprocessofbuildingaharmonioussociety,toanalysisandprovetheissueofassistanceforvictimshasbeenbroughtupasapressingissue,especiallyintheareaofestablishingthestatereliefsystem.Thefirstpartofthisthesisisaboutthebasicissuesofstatereliefsystemforvictim,suchasthedefinitionofvictims,victimcharacteristics,system,whicharekeystotheinterpretationofthesystemofvictimrelief.Thesecondpartofthisthesisstudiesonstatereliefsystemcomparatively.Foreignlegislationandpractice,Domesticexplorationshouldbeanalyzedandsummarized.ThethirdpartofthisthesisintroducesthebackgroundofestablishmentofthereliefforvictimsinChina.AlthoughtheprotectionofthevictimsinChinaismuchbetterthanpast,itisnotperfectinthefollowingaspects,suchastherighttoknowinthecriminalproceedings.What’smore,thereisnonationwideunifiedsystemofstatereliefforvictimswhilemanyvictimsareinstrainedcircumstances.Reasonsforthisabove-mentionedphenomenoncanbesummarizedintwoparts:firstly,therearesomebiasedideologies,secondly,theexistinglegalrequirementisunreasonable.ThefourthpartofthisthesisfocusesonhowtoestablishthestatereliefofvictimsinChina.ThesystemofStatereliefforvictimsisverycomplex,weneedtopayspecialattentiontoseveralissues:theprincipleofrelief,theprincipleofjustrelief,theprincipleofcomplementaryrelief,theprincipleofmonetaryreliefshouldbestrictlyobserved;reliefobject,whichshouldbestrictlylimitedtoseriousinjuredpeopleordeathofvictims(orhis/herfamily)duetocriminalacts;reliefagencies,weshouldsetupreliefIIIcommitteesinprocuratoratesatalllevelswhichareresponsiblefortherelevantworkofthestaterelief;reliefprocedures,whichconcludesthegeneralprocedureandthespecialprocedureinemergency;Standardofrelief,referringtotherelatedsystemoftheIndustrialInjuryInsuranceSystem;sourcesoffunding,currentgovernmentfinancialinputsshouldbemainlywhilefinesincriminalcasesorprisonlaborincomecanbeaspecialsupplementarygoingtoaseparateaccountproportionproportionately.Keywords:CriminalvictimStatereliefEstablishment1211.1VictimVictim1VikimVictam23451985112940/3461200354612199891043[]19922841996605199756DeclarationofbasicPrincipleofJusticeforVictimsofCrimeandAbuseofPower378CriminalvictimCriminal1980919981017200738910199791411212131119972691213200832151.21415196310TheCriminalInjuriesCompensation16Act19851415[]20051301620013229Compensation61.37822.1194819852.1.111965921995302001(CISA)317197610OEG1985171990619916184199851998101200277171990103182009117910200251981119952000192.1.2119200011111231972VictimSupport1975NOVA19776WeiaserRing20120[]200172008311412234132.2200220042006200720071433.11996197911521997197920001220011671676.5212000820032120091661720027200131182219833219792220083119200273.2123194823200112201985242522420091266252126327126[]E19992642722120052006200520770155056332196337104648401200617936160964309872323524653265200672007522001200520002001200220032004200536373074457579433671243938934718122464840116440941910635192509018426992004141209736945.2%42.9%44.4%41.9%42.5%45.1%20012006240-50%3.3123343420092262008342423200220042006200720074252644.12828198796-97274.25520091283512515252932930292009133330143015000/500010000314.331314.412324.5334.6100040932322003416520041134200932009201335200536[1]19989[2]()1992[3]1996[4]1997[5]1992[6]1998[7]1997[8](1)2009[9]20083[10]2003[11]()20051[12]()E1999[13]20011[14]1987[15]2003[16]2005[17]200737[1]2007[2]()2000(2)[3]2000(2)[4]1990(1)[5]1996(2)[6]2007(2)[7]2006(3)[8]2002(4)[9]19976[10]1998(4)[11]2004(5)[12]2004(7)[13]2006(1)[14]2007(7)[15]2006(4)38[1]()20035[2]()20013[1]RonaldDworkin.AMatterofPrinciple.HarvardUniversityPress,October1985.[2]VeraBolgar.TheConceptofPublicwelfare.AmericanJournalofComparativeLaw,1959.[3]LeslieSebba.ThirdParties:victimsandCriminaljusticesystem.OhiostateUniversityPress1996.[4]NarkGeistfeld.ScientificUncertaintyandCausationinTortlaw.VanderbiltLawReview,April,2001.[5]ElizabethBerkowitz.TheProblematicRoleofTheSpecialmaster:UnderstandingtheLegitimacyofthe9/11VictimCompensationFund.24YaleLawandPolicyReview1,5(2006).[6]H.L.Packer.TheLimitsofCrimanlSanction.Stanford.TheUn1versityPress1968.[7]DanBDlbbs.TortsandCompensation:personalaccountabilityandSocialResponsibilityforWestPublishCompany.ST.DAUL.MINK1993.[8]AndrewKarmen.CriminalVictims:AnIntroductiontoVictimology.Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning2004.[9]MatthewDiller.TortandSocialWelfarePrinciplesintheVictimCompensationFund.53DepaulLawReview719,738(2003).[10]LindaSMullenix.TheFutureofTortReform:PossibleLessonsfromtheWorldTradeCenterVictimCompensationFund.53EmoryLawJournal1315,1316(2004).[11]EdwardJKionka.Torts(2nded.)westNutshellseries[M].WestGroup1992.[12]Jo-AnneWemmers.ProceduralJusticeandDutchVictimPolicy.Law&Policy,Vol.20,NO.1,1998.39[13]EzzatAFattah.Victimology:Past,Present,Future,Criminology.Vol.33,NO.1,2000.[14]BSMarkes