弗斯语言学理论-Firths-Theory

Firth’stheory弗斯理论By林畅，冯蓉，王楚TheLondonSchoolMalinowskiinfluenceFirthinfluenceHallidayEssenceoflanguageAsocialprocessAmeansofsociallifeAsetofagreed-uponsemioticsandsigns.(一套约定俗成的符号）Firth：Languageisameansofdoingthingsandofmakingothersdothings.ItisameansofactingandlivingIslanguagewhollyinbornorutterlyacquiredBothinbornandrequired---FirthObject,Goal,andMethodofstudyoflinguisticsObject---languageinactualuseGoal---toanalyzemeaningfulelementsoflanguageinordertoestablishcorrespondingrelationsbetweenlinguisticandnon-linguisticelements.把语言中有意义的成分分析出来，以便建立语言因素和非语言因素之间的关系Method---todecideonthecompositeelementsoflanguage,explaintheirrelationsonvariouslevels,andultimatelyexplicatetheinternalrelationsbetweentheseelementsandhumanactivitiesinehenvironmentoflanguageuse.确定语言活动的组成部分，解释他们在各个层次上的关系，以及他们之间的相互关系，最终指出这些成分与所处环境中的人类活动之间的内在联系LinguisticstudySociologicalstudyIntegrateLinguisticscanhelprevealthesocialnatureofhumanbeings.MeaningMeaningisuse.Meaningistherelationshipbetweenanelementatanylevelanditscontextonthatlevel.各个层次上的成分与语境的关系Fivepartsofthemeaningofanysentence1,Therelationshipofeachphonemetoitsphonologicalcontext.每个音素与其语音环境的关系(phonological语音层)2,Therelationshipofeachlexicalitemtotheothersinthesentence.每个词项与句子中其他词项之间的关系Lexicalandsemantic词汇和语义层3,Themorphologicalrelationsofeachword.每个词的形态关系Morphological形态层4,Thesentencetypeofwhichthegivensentenceisanexample.Syntactic句法层5,Therelationshipofthesentencetoitscontextsituation.Contextofsituation情境层“TypicalContextofSituation”Recognizingthatsentenceareinfinitelyvarious,heusedthenotionof“typicalcontextofsituation”典型情景语境的意思是，社会情境语境决定了人们必须扮演的社会角色;由于人们遇到的典型情景语境是有限的，因此社会角色的总数也是有限的。SocialsituationsdeterminethesocialrolesSincethetotalnumberoftypicalcontextsofsituationisfinite,thetotalnumberofsocialrolesisalsofinite(有限的）Inanalyzingatypicalcontextofsituation,onehastotakeintoconsiderationboththesituationalcontextandthelinguisticcontextofatext.(1)Theinternalrelationsofthetextitself(a)Thesyntagmaticrelationsbetweentheelementsinthestructure(b)theparadigmaticrelationsbetweenunitsinthesystem.(2)Theinternalrelationsofthecontextofsituation(a)Therelationsbetweentextandnon-linguisticelements,andthegeneraleffects(b)Theanalyticalrelationsbetweenwords,partsofwords,phrasesandthespecialelementsofthecontextofsituation.ContextualanalysisPROSODICPHONOLOGY韵律音位学准音位单位构成聚合关系。准音位单位中的特征要比音位中的特征少，因为有些特征是一个音节或短语（甚至句子）所共有的。当在组合关系中考虑这些特征时，它们都被称为“韵律单位”(prosodicunits)。humanutteranceisacontinuousspeechphonologicaldescriptiononlydealswithparadigmaticrelations,withoutsyntagmaticrelationsneedphonematicunit(准音位单位）FeaturesofprosodicunitStress重读Length音长Nasalization鼻化Palatalization硬腭化Aspiration送气Polysystemicanalysis1.emphasizesyntagmaticrelations.Thebasicunitinanalyzingspeechisnotword,buttext.Whicheverlevelweanalyze,weshouldanalyzetheprosodicunitsofthetext.Thankyou!