重要哲学术语英汉对照

重要哲学术语英汉对照——转载自《当代英美哲学概论》apriori瞐posterioridistinction先验-后验的区分abstractideas抽象理念abstractobjects抽象客体adhominemargument谬误论证alienation/estrangement异化，疏离altruism利他主义analysis分析analytic瞫yntheticdistinction分析-综合的区分aporia困惑argumentfromdesign来自设计的论证artificialintelligence(AI)人工智能associationofideas理念的联想autonomy自律axioms公理CategoricalImperative绝对命令categories范畴Categorymistake范畴错误causaltheoryofreference指称的因果论causation因果关系certainty确定性chaostheory混沌理论class总纲、类clearnessanddistinctness清楚与明晰cogitoergosum我思故我在concept概念consciousness意识consent同意consequentialism效果论conservative保守的consistency一致性，相容性constructivism建构主义contentsofconsciousness意识的内容contingent瞡ecessarydistinction偶然-必然的区分continuum连续体continuumhypothesis连续性假说contradiction矛盾（律）conventionalism约定论counterfactualconditional反事实的条件句criterion准则，标准critique批判，批评Dasein此在，定在deconstruction解构主义defeasible可以废除的definitedescription限定摹状词deontology义务论dialectic辩证法didactic说教的dualism二元论egoism自我主义、利己主义eliminativematerialism消除性的唯物主义empiricism经验主义Enlightenment启蒙运动（思想）entailment蕴含essence本质ethicalintuition伦理直观ethicalnaturalism伦理的自然主义eudaimonia幸福主义event事件、事变evolutionaryepistemology进化认识论expertsystem专门体系explanation解释fallibilism谬误论familyresemblance家族相似fictionalentities虚构的实体firstphilosophy第一哲学formoflife生活形式formal形式的foundationalism基础主义freewillanddeterminism自由意志和决定论function函项（功能）functionexplanation功能解释good善happiness幸福hedonism享乐主义hermeneutics解释学（诠释学，释义学）historicism历史论（历史主义）holism整体论iconographic绘画idealism理念论ideas理念identity同一性illocutionaryact以言行事的行为imagination想象力immatericalsubstance非物质实体immutable不变的、永恒的individualism个人主义（个体主义）induction归纳inference推断infiniteregress无限回归intensionality内涵性intentionality意向性irreducible不可还原的Leibniz餾Law莱布尼茨法则logicalatomism逻辑原子主义logicalpositivism逻辑实证主义logomachy玩弄词藻的争论materialbiconditional物质的双向制约materialism唯物论（唯物主义）maxim箴言，格言method方法methodologica方法论的model样式modern现代的modusponensandmodustollens肯定前件和否定后件naturalselection自然选择necessary必然的neutralmonism中立一无论nominalism唯名论non睧uclideangeometry非欧几里德几何non瞞onotoniclogics非单一逻辑Ockham餜azor奥卡姆剃刀omnipotenceandomniscience全能和全知ontology本体论（存有学）operator算符(或算子)paradox悖论perception知觉phenomenology现象学picturetheoryofmeaning意义的图像说pluralism多元论polis城邦possibleworld可能世界postmodernism后现代主义prescriptivestatement规定性陈述presupposition预设primaryandsecondaryqualities第一性的质和第二性的质principleofnon瞔ontradiction不矛盾律proposition命题quantifier量词quantummechanics量子力学rationalnumbers有理数realnumber实数realism实在论reason理性，理智recursivefunction循环函数reflectiveequilibrium反思的均衡relativity(theoryof)相对（论）rights权利rigiddesignator严格的指称词Rorschachtest相对性（相对论）rule规则ruleutilitarianism功利主义规则Russell餾paradox罗素悖论sanctions制发scope范围，限界semantics语义学sensedata感觉材料，感觉资料set集solipsism唯我论socialcontract社会契约subjective瞣bjectivedistinction主客区分sublation扬弃substance实体，本体suigeneris特殊的，独特性supervenience偶然性syllogism三段论things瞚n瞭hemselves物自体thought思想thoughtexperiment思想实验three瞯aluedlogic三值逻辑transcendental先验的truth真理truthfunction真值函项understanding理解universals共相，一般，普遍verficationprinciple证实原则versimilitude逼真性viciousregress恶性回归ViennaCircle维也纳学派virtue美德注释计量经济学中英对照词汇(continuous)2007年8月23日，22:02:47|mindreader计量经济学中英对照词汇(continuous)K-MeansCluster逐步聚类分析Kmeansmethod,逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier,评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merierchart,Kaplan-Merier图Kendall'srankcorrelation,Kendall等级相关Kinetic,动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnovetest,柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验KruskalandWallistest,Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis,峰度Lackoffit,失拟Ladderofpowers,幂阶梯Lag,滞后Largesample,大样本Largesampletest,大样本检验Latinsquare,拉丁方Latinsquaredesign,拉丁方设计Leakage,泄漏Leastfavorableconfiguration,最不利构形Leastfavorabledistribution,最不利分布Leastsignificantdifference,最小显著差法Leastsquaremethod,最小二乘法LeastSquaredCriterion，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residualsestimates,最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residualsfit,最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residualsline,最小绝对残差线Legend,图例L-estimator,L估计量L-estimatoroflocation,位置L估计量L-estimatorofscale,尺度L估计量Level,水平LeveageCorrection，杠杆率校正Lifeexpectance,预期期望寿命Lifetable,寿命表Lifetablemethod,生命表法Light-taileddistribution,轻尾分布Likelihoodfunction,似然函数Likelihoodratio,似然比linegraph,线图Linearcorrelation,直线相关Linearequation,线性方程Linearprogramming,线性规划Linearregression,直线回归LinearRegression,线性回归Lineartrend,线性趋势Loading,载荷Locationandscaleequivariance,位置尺度同变性Locationequivariance,位置同变性Locationinvariance,位置不变性Locationscalefamily,位置尺度族Logranktest,时序检验Logarithmiccurve,对数曲线Logarithmicnormaldistribution,对数正态分布Logarithmicscale,对数尺度Logarithmictransformation,对数变换Logiccheck,逻辑检查Logisticdistribution,逻辑斯特分布Logittransformation,Logit转换LOGLINEAR,多维列联表通用模型Lognormaldistribution,对数正态分布Lostfunction,损失函数Lowcorrelation,低度相关Lowerlimit,下限Lowest-attainedvariance,最小可达方差LSD,最小显著差法的简称Lurkingvariable,潜在变量Maineffect,主效应Majorheading,主辞标目Marginaldensityfunction,边缘密度函数Marginalprobability,边缘概率Marginalprobabilitydistribution,边缘概率分布Matcheddata,配对资料Matcheddistribution,匹配过分布Matchingofdistribution,分布的匹配Matchingoftransformation,变换的匹配Mathematicalexpectation,数学期望Mathematicalmodel,数学模型MaximumL-estimator,极大极小L估计量Maximumlikelihoodmethod,最大似然法Mean,均数Meansquaresbetweengroups,组间均方Meansquareswithingroup,组内均方Means(Comparemeans),均值-均值比较Median,中位数Medianeffectivedose,半数效量Medianlethaldose,半数致死量Medianpolish,中位数平滑Mediantest,中位数检验Mini