高考英语动名词

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高三英语总复习语法专项训练动名词一、动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、功能及用法1.动名词(短语)做主语,如:Writingthebookhastakenupallhissparetime.Seeingisbelieving.注①:动名词(短语)做主语还常用于下列结构:a.It’snousesendinghimover.It’stoolatealready.It’snogoodtalkingalotwithoutdoinganything.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.b.There’snojokingaboutsuchmatters.There’snosayingwhathe’llbedoingnext.There’snotellingwhathe’sgoingtodo.注②:动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具体)在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换:a.当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如:Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.b.动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…例如:It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’swalkhome.而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…这类句型中,只能用不定式,如:It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.2.动名词(短语)作表语,如:Theirjobisbuildinghouses.Hisjobisraisingpigs.注①:动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别:动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较:Myfavouritesportisswimming.Thefirstthingforustodoistoimproveourpronunciation.注②:动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very,quite等副词来修饰,如:Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ourdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.Thesituationisencouraging.Thiscakeisveryinviting.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.3.动名词(短语)用作宾语的情况很多,如:Hearingthewords,shecouldn’thelpthinkingofherpastbitterness.Weallavoidedmentioningthatmatter.★能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,giveup,can’thelp,imagine,keep(on),don’tmind,miss,practise,putoff,stop,goon,resist,suggest等,如:Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词,其中有:begin,cannotbear,continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,can’tafford等。上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语,但用法不尽相同,需要注意下列几个情况:A.在begin,start,cease,continue,cannotbear,hate,like,love,prefer,propose等动词后,两种结构意义无大的出入,如:Shecan’tbearbeinglaughedat/tobelaughedat.但是在下列情况下,通常用不定式:a.在wouldlike/love/prefer/hate后表示一个特定的新动作时:I’dliketobuyasuit.I’dhatetodisappointthem.b.当谓语动词已用进行时态时:Thewaterisbeginning/startingtoboil.I’mstartingtoworkonmyessaynextweek.c.在begin等后,非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时(即:指心理状态或精神活动时):Shebegantobelievehisstory.Hebegantorealizethathewaswrong.d.当主语是物,不是人时:Thewaterstarted/begantoboil.Theicestarted/begantomelt.B.在need,want,deserve等后,可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义,或用不定式的被动式,意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍,(这时主语一般是物),如:Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.C.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构,但意义明显不同,须认真加以区别:IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldn’thelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldn’thelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theyleftofffishing.(停止钓鱼)Theyleftofftofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔)★动名词(短语)还常常跟在短语动词之后,作介词的宾语。常见的有:insiston/persistin/thinkof/dreamof/objectto/hearof/prevent…from/keep…from/stop…from/feellike/beengagedin/lookforwardto/dependon/thank…for/excuse…for/devote…to/setabout/spend…in/get(be)usedto…/befondof/beafraidof/betiredof/succeedin/beinterestedin/beproudof/burstout/giveup等,如:Whydoyoupersistinthinkingthatway/doingso?Heinsistedonseeingushome.Theyallobjectedtoputtingthemeetingoff.Areyouinterestedingoingtotheshow?I’mthinkingofgoingtotownthisafternoon.Idon’tfeellikeeatinganything.Sheisafraidoffallingbehindtheothers.Hefinallygottiredofdoingofficework.4.动名词(短语)可以和about,against,at,before,after,by,for,besides,from,in,on,upon,without等介词构成短语,在句中作状语,如:Theybrokeinloudcheersonhearingthenews.Hewarnedmeagainstswimmingthere.Sheleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.Besidescookingandsewing,shehadtotakecareofthechildren.Hefeltuncomfortableaboutacceptingthegift.Theyweresurprisedatyourdoingthat.5.动名词(短语)可以和介词构成短语作定语,如:Hehasn’tmuchexperienceinrunningfactories.What’stheirreasonforcancellingtheEnglishevening?Haveyouanyobjectiontogoingthereonfoot?Hehaslittlehopeofpassinghisexaminations.Theydon’tapproveofhiswayoflookingatthings.I’mgladtohavethisopportunityofcomingtovisityourcountry.6.动名词还可以作定语,如:singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注:动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系;而现在分词作定语,表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为,它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。三、动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者,可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格,来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格,不过,这主要用于口语中。如:Shewon’thearofusleavingthevillage.DoyouobjecttoLiPing’sjoiningthephysicsgroup?注①:如果不是在句子的开头,这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格,如:Idon’tliketheideaofus/ournothelpingatall.Idon’tmindJanebuyinganotherone.注②:如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词,或不定代词,就只能用普通格,不能用所有格,如:Isthereanyhopeofyourteamwinningthematch?The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