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用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫虚拟语气。(一)if主从句中的虚拟语气【完成例句】(1)如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.(2)如果我有空，我就去那儿。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.【结论1】条件与现在事实相反从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形【完成例句】(3)如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn't/wouldn'thavemissedthebus.(4)如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.【结论2】条件与过去事实相反从句谓语用haddone主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋havedone【完成例句】(5)万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.(6)万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.【结论3】条件与将来事实相反从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)或should＋动词原形/weretodo主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形【疑难1】含蓄虚拟句(即含有without/butfor,otherwise/or等词的句子)【例句观察】Humanbeingswoulddiewithoutwater.(＝Humanbeingswoulddieiftherewerenowater.)Icouldn'thavesucceededbutforyourhelp.(＝Icouldn'thavesucceededifyouhadn'thelpedme.)Ihadnomoneythen.OtherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.(＝IfIhadhadmoneythen,Iwouldhaveboughtthatbook.)【疑难剖析1】含有without/butfor，otherwise/or等词的句子谓语结构等同于if主从句中主句的谓语结构。与现在或将来事实相反would/should/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反would/should/could/might＋havedone【疑难2】含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句Hadtheyhadtime(＝Iftheyhadhadtime)，theywouldhavecertainlycometohelpus.Shoulditbefine(＝Ifitshouldbefine)，wewouldgoforanouting.WereIyou(＝IfIwereyou),Iwouldgo.【疑难剖析2】含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，把had，should，were提前放到句首，变为部分倒装。【疑难3】if混合虚拟条件从句(即主从句分别与不同的事实相反)Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher'sadvice,youwouldn'tbeinhospital.【疑难剖析3】if假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。(二)用虚拟语气，从句中谓语时态相应推后(即用相应的过去时态)的五种句型【完成例句】(7)他多么希望自己是只鸟。Howhewishesthathewereabird.(8)我希望昨晚看了那部电影了。IwishIhadseenthefilmlastnight.(9)我们希望有一天能住在月球上。Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.【结论1】在动词wish引导的宾语从句中，表示不太可能实现的愿望，从句必须使用虚拟语气。表示愿望与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时(did或were)表示愿望与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时(haddone)表示愿望实现的可能性很小从句常用could/might/would＋do【完成例句】(10)我宁可你现在不在我身边。Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.(11)我宁可你没做过那件事。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.【结论2】wouldrather/prefer＋that－从句(从句用虚拟语气)表示愿望与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时表示愿望与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时【完成例句】(12)她英语说得好像她就是纽约本地人一样。ShespeaksEnglishasthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.【结论3】asif/though＋从句中谓语用相应的过去时态(等同于wish从句用法)。【完成例句】(13)要是你没告诉我那个消息就好了。Ifonlyyouhadn'ttoldmethenews.【结论4】ifonly(要是……就好了)，句中谓语用相应的过去时态(等同于wish从句用法)。【完成例句】(14)我本来可以帮你忙的，即使我当时很忙。EventhoughIhadbeenverybusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.(15)即使我现在能跑，我也不会那样做。EvenifImightrun,Iwouldn'tdothat.【结论5】evenif/though从句中的虚拟与现在事实相反用should＋动词原形与过去事实相反用haddone(三)从句中所用的虚拟语气结构为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。【例句观察】ThedoctorsuggestsI(should)exerciseeveryday.医生建议我每天做运动。(宾语从句)ItissuggestedthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.我被建议每天做运动。(主语从句)Thedoctor'ssuggestionisthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.医生给我的建议是每天做运动。(表语从句)Thedoctor'ssuggestionthatI(should)exerciseeverydaysoundsreasonable.医生要我每天做运动的建议听起来挺合理的。(同位语从句)【结论1】名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)＋动词原形。一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command(名词是order,recommendation)三个建议：advise,suggest，propose(名词是advice,suggestion,proposal)四个要求：demand,require,request,desire(名词是demand,requirement,request,desire)注意：1.suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，不用虚拟语气；如：Hisfacesuggestedthathewasverysad.2.insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气；如：Themaninsistedmylittlebrotherwasathief.【例句观察】我们应该掌握电脑知识，这是很重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofcomputerscience.你居然没参加会议，真是可惜。Itisapitythatyou(should)beabsentfromthemeeting.他竟然是名医生，我们很惊讶。Wearesurprisedthathe(should)beadoctor.【结论2】虚拟语气用在“It's＋形容词/名词＋that…”这类句型中，表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩，此时，从句用should＋动词原形/should＋havedone(表示动作在过去已经发生)，should可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should可以省略。①Itisimportant/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural＋that－从句②Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nowonderthat－从句③主语＋be＋sorry/disappointed/surprised＋that－从句【例句观察】以防错过第一班车，我们一大早就起床了。①Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.②Wegotupearlylestthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.【结论3】在incase,forfear(that),lest等引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。(四)几种特殊用法1.某些简单句的固定句型Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!2.某些固定的词组和句型①was/weresupposedtohavedone理应做……②was/weretohavedone本计划做……③hadthought/believed…，but…本以为……④hadplanned/intended…，but…本计划……，本打算……⑤hadwished/hoped…，but…本希望……⑥It's(about/high)timethat－从句，某人该做某事了