Design Principles of Wind Turbine Blades

CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein:1/3verstehtalles,1/3verstehtmanches,1/3verstehtniemand.CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein•Introduction•Optimizationvs.Improvement•ClassicalApproachestoOptimization•TheRoleofCFD•SummaryCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein–ourexperiencesnon-conventionalWind-Turbines(97-)MultiBrid(5MW)blade(00-01)•DU97-W-300modatColognesCryogenicwindtunnel(02-04)•LoadLimitsforLarge(10MW)Blades(05-07)•LoadsfromNonGaussianTurbulence(06-07)-Off-shoreMeasurements,FINO3(05-11)-Aerodynamic„Glove“(09-11)-IEAWindTask29:Mexnext(09-11)CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein(A1,A2)CausedbygravityforceBendingmomentsatbladerootBendingstressesatbladerootGravityinduced(G1,G2)11212RR=GGσσ01212RR=AAσσstructurereferencestructurescaled41212RR=GGMM31212RR=AAMMUp-scalingto10MWCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein(m)49.4(58.4)37.0(42.2)20.7Mass(t)+10+11+10Differenceto6pexcitation(%)1.031.161.44Naturalfrequencyedgewise(Hz)-28-29-33Differenceto6pexcitation(%)0.670.750.89Naturalfrequencyflapwise(Hz)10.08.05.0Turbinepower(MW)82m(scaledandmodified)73m(scaledandmodified)58m(VersionB)Rotorbladeradius01-3-2-1012y(m)Relativerotorradiusr/R(-).VersionBScaled73mScaled82mProposedBladesCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein(Kiel)y=1,576E-03x2,297E+00y=6E-06x3,66340,0010,010,1110100110100Radius/mmass(to)Mass(other)(to)Mass(Kiel)(to)Potenziell(Mass(other)(to))Potenziell(Mass(Kiel)(to))CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein•Hillmeretal(2007)P=?R∼∼∼∼160m•Chaviaropoulos(2010)20MW-R=130m(130to)CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein’s10MWR=72mClipper’sproprietaryairfoiltestedintheDNWWindTunnelinBraunschweig,GermanyTested18,25,35and42%airfoilsAEPgainof4–8%overconventional•World’slongestbladeat72m•Structuraldesigncomplete•StartedplugfabricationCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein•cP-max•cP-avr•annualyield(kWh/a)•priceofWT•priceofkWhelectricityproducedCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein’sCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein•Conservationofenergy-cP(Betz)=16/27=0.5926•Swirlloss(λ∞)•„TIP“loss(B∞)•Profileloss(L2D∞)CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein(2004),E=ENERCONCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein•chord•twist•2Dprofiles,includingt(r)Flowreally2D?CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein:Heinzelmann,TUBerlin,REpowerCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein(BEM)OptimizationCenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein=1.7%tTE/c=0.5%DU97-W-300(mod)Design-Re=3MCl=1.4(L/Dapprox.100)CenterofExcellenceforWindenergySchleswig-HolsteinResearchNetworkoftheUniversitiesofSchleswig-Holstein