中考英语语法第9讲---形容词与副词 育英科技 王衡老师 中考英语四轮复习法

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形容词的考点只做表语的形容词–ill,sure,readyalike,alive,asleep,awake…词形接近hard—hardly/late—latelynear--nearly冠词联用aredapple长得像副词的形容词ugly/friendly状态与瞬间的转换keepitclosed副词的考点频率副词—位置(行前be后)程度副词---动词后面,修饰动词特殊副词:enough/neither/so…一:形容词与副词•形容词的最基本用法•一:adj+n:放于名词前起修饰aredapple.Anuglyman•二:主+be+adj:对物体描述是描述的静止•Theclassisbright.教室很明亮•特殊形容词的问题•一:和an/a连用,判断具体是a还是an•__uglyman;__usualperson;__unusualperson;•二:特殊形容词:只用于表语,不能用于定语ill;ready;sure;alike;asleep;awake;alive…;•三:长得像副词的形容词---ly,•Friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;lovely可爱的;likely可能的;lonely孤独的好的问题•Good—well---kindadj善良的;•Sbbegoodat某人擅长做•Sbdowellin某人擅长做•Sbbekindtosb某人对另外一个人好•例:Itisverykind__youtohelpme.•Of/to/for•The__ladyis__tohergrandchildren•Kind;well/well;kind/good;kind/kind;kind副词的基本用法---考副词的位置•一:修饰动词用(考点:和形容词联合考察)•Hedoesitvery__•good/nice/well/wonderfulThoughhewas__,hehardlyfinishedthewholejourney__.•good;well/good;good/well;well/well;good•最常考的形容词与副词good—well的区别•Well是副词,在动词后是…做得好;干得好…•Well是形容词,放在be动词后,表健康•Good只是形容词,表示品质•He__works__.•Hard;hard/hardly;hardly/hard;hardly/hardly;hard•解析:典型的频率副词和程度副词的联合考察—分清词性与位置•Hardwork困难的工作—workhard努力工作—hardlywork几乎不工作二、频率副词•一:常用频率副词有哪些?never—hardly=seldom—sometimes—usually-often--always•二:表频率副词的位置--动词之前,Be动词之后•三:反义疑问句中的考试•Hehardlyworkshard,__he?•does/doesn’t/don’t/isn’t•Hehaslittlefood,__he?•does/doesn’t/don’t/isn’t•三:形容词与副词合一(有个别词既是形容词又是副词)•Hard---hardly•Deep---deeply•Late---lately•Early•例:他迟到了•Heislate•Hecamelate.•Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.•Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.•[1误]•[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式,或不定式的复合结构:forsomebodytodosomething•Thetwinsaremuchalike.•Thetwinsareveryalike.•[2误]•[析]用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰,一般要用much•Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.•Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.•[1误]•[析]表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。•youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou?•Youhavefewnewbooks,haven'tyou?•[2误]•[析]英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少,几乎没有),afew(有一些,几个);修饰不可数名词的有little(很少,几乎没有),alittle(有一点,有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。•Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.•Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.•[1误]•[析]quitea为一固定用法,其意为十分,相当,所以。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.•Doyouwanttohavesomebread?•Doyouwanttohaveanybread?•[2误]•[析]some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答复时,应用some。其次是some•Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis?•Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.•[1误]•[析]在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时,这个作修•ashoeshop鞋店•afruitshop水果店•abookshop•apostoffice邮局•apolicestation警察局•abusstop•Heisweakatphysics.•Heisweakinphysics.•[1误]•[析]在表达擅长于作某事时用begoodatsomething,而其反意词为bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething•Don‘tbeafraidofthat.•Don'tafraidofthat.•[2误]•[析]afraid在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这•beafraidof害怕becarefulof•becertainof有把握,确定besureof•begladof高兴besickof•befondof•Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.•Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.•[1误]•[析]well与badly作副词时,表示好坏,如果句子是被动语态,则应放在过去分词之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主动语态,则应放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.•Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.•Weareyetintheclassroomnow.•[2误]•[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:•Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.•Look!Herehecomes!•Look.Herecomeshe!•Look!Herethebuscomes!•Look!Herecomesthebus!•[2,3误]•[析]在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名•Sheismyeldersister.•Sheismyoldersister.•[2误]•[析]elder和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而older,oldest则是指岁数大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.•I'mtired.Ican'tgofurther.•I'mtired.Ican'tgofarther.•[1误]•[析]far有两个比较级farther较远的,further进一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.•IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.•IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.•[2误]•[析]ago常与过去时连用,而before则多•-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?•-No,notyet.•-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?•-No,notalready.•[2误]•[析]仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already,yet与still。要注意的是already经常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑问句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间,如:Westillcan'tdecidewhattodo.但也有时用于be动词之后,如:Heisstillhere.•I'veeverbeentoAmerica.•I'vebeentoAmericaonce.•[1误]•[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?•-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?•-No,Iamnotafraidso.•-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?•-No,I'mafraidnot.•[1误]•[析]在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/I'mafraidso.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如,Idon'tthinkso而在hope,belive与afraid后则常用not,如:Ihopenot.•Shedidn'tworkhardenough,soshecouldn'tpasstheexam.•Shedidn'tworkenoughhard,soshecouldn'tpasstheexam.•[2误][析]enough可以作名词用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)•另外它可以作为形容词,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。•如果enough作为副词用,那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。•Youcan'tbeverycareful.•Youcan'tbetoocareful.•[1误]•[析]此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是太……以至于不能作某事。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那对••Heiswell.•Heisgood.•其实这两句都是正确的表达法,只不过其含意不同。Heiswell是他身体不错,而Heisgood则为他是个好人•HeissameageasTom.•HeisthesameageasTom.•[1误]•[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。•Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.•Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.•[1误]•*like作为介词,其意为“像”,应用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加宾语。而•Alike是形容词,或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