120m预应力混凝土空心板桥设计1设计资料及构造布置1.1设计资料1.桥梁跨径及桥宽标准跨径:20m(墩中心距);主桥全长:19.96m;计算跨径:19.60m;桥面净宽:2×净—11.25m见桥梁总体布置图护栏座宽:内侧为0.75米,外侧为0.5米。桥面铺装:上层为9厘米沥青混凝土,下层跨中为10厘米厚混凝土,支点为12厘米钢筋混凝土。2.设计荷载采用公路—I级汽车荷载。3.材料混凝土:强度等级为C50,主要指标为如下:426.82.418.41.653.2510aacktkaacdtdacfMPfMPfMPfMPEMP强度标准值,强度设计值,性模弹量预应力钢筋选用1×7(七股)φS15.2mm钢绞线,其强度指标如下5186012601.95100.40.2563aaafMPfMPEMPpkpdppub抗拉强度标准值抗拉强度设计值性模弹量相对界限受压区高度,普通钢筋及箍筋及构造钢筋采用HRB335钢筋,其强度指标如下53352802.010aaafMPfMPEMPsksds抗拉强度标准值抗拉强度设计值性模弹量4.设计依据交通部颁《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTGD60—2004),简称《桥规》;交通部颁《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTGD62—2004),简称《公预规》。《公路工程技术标准》(JTG—2004)《〈公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范〉(JTGD60—2004)条文应用算例》《钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥梁结构设计原理》(按新颁JTGD60—2004编写)《公路桥涵设计手册—梁桥(上册)》1.2构造形式及尺寸选定全桥空心板横断面布置如图,每块空心板截面及构造尺寸见图2图3-1跨中边板断面图图3-2中板断面图图3-3绞缝钢筋施工大样图图3-4矩形换算截面1.3空心板的毛截面几何特性计算预制中板的截面几何特性挖空部分以后得到的截面,其几何特性用下列公式计算:1.毛截面面积:2998523.1462.544247.038A㎝22.截面重心至截面上缘的距离:∵4247.038e=99×85×85/2-[0.5×10×5×(70+5/3)+0.5×5×65×(65×2/3+5)+5×5×1/2×5/3+5×70×70/2]×2-π×62.52/4×40∴e=44.993㎝3.空心板截面对重心轴的惯性矩:323232323231553651044.993702312553656544.99365523859985998544.99321221555365544.99323705701257044.9932I22210462.56462.5444.993403.77510mm-π×62.54/64-π×62.52/4(44.993-40)2=3775078.358㎝4=3.775×1010㎜41.4内力计算1.空心板简化图计算:设板宽为b则:85b=4247.038+3067.962解得:b=86.059㎝2.保持空心板截面重心位置不变,设换算截面空心板形心轴距原空心形心位置的距离为X则:86.059×85×85/2-3067.962×(40+x)/4247.038=44.993X=-0.951㎝(注:空心位置较原位置上移0.951cm)3.保证截面面积和惯性距相等,设空心截面换算为矩形时宽为kb高为kh,如图bk×hk=3067.96286.059×853/12+86.059×85(44.993-85/2)2-bk×hk×(44.993-40+0.951)2=3775078.358得:hk=47.051㎝bk=65.205㎝4.换算截面板壁厚度:侧壁厚度:t3=(86.059-65.205)/2=10.427㎝上顶壁厚度:t1=40-47.051/2-0.951=15.524㎝下顶壁厚度:t2=45-47.051/2+0.951=22.426㎝5.计算空心板截面的抗扭惯性距:221232244112486.05910.43421186.05910.43415.51922.42104344771723.941tbhIhbtttcm4221232244112486.05910.43421186.05910.43415.51922.42104344771723.941tbhIhbtttcm2作用效应计算2.1永久荷载(恒载)产生的内力1.预制空心板自重1g(一期恒载)中板:41254247.0381010.618g(KN/m)边板:g1'=25×5152.038×10-10=12.880(KN/m)2.桥面系自重(二期恒载)(1)桥面铺装采用厚10厘米现浇混凝土,9厘米沥青混凝土,则桥面铺装每延米重为:21250.111.250.0911.2523124.284gKN/m(2)防撞栏杆和防撞墙:经计算得1.183KN/m(3)绞缝自重:422550218510252.9625gKN/m由此得空心板每延米总重力g为:gI=(g1×10+g1'×2)/12=10.995KN/mmKNg/430.89625.2655.0528.0284.43.上部恒载内力计算计算图式如图3,设x为计算截面离左支座的距离,并令Lx,则:主梁弯矩和剪力的计算公式分别为:2/)1(2LggMMgVg=gΩv=g×(1-2α)L/2其计算结果如表3-1:表3-1恒载内力汇总表2.2可变荷载(活载)产生的内力《桥规》规定桥梁结构整体计算采用车道荷载。公路—I级的车道荷载由均布荷载:10.5qk(kN/m)内力Mg=gΩMVg=gΩVL/2L/4L/2L/40ΩM=α(1-α)L2/248.0236.015———ΩV=(1-2α)L/2——04.99.8Ig10.955526.059394.544053.680107.359g8.430404.809303.606041.30782.614gIg+g19.385930.868698.150094.987189.9735和集中荷载:19.65180180238.4505Pk(kN)两部分组成。而在计算简力效应时,集中荷载标准值应乘以1.2的系数,即计算剪力时238.41.2286.08Pk(kN)1.汽车荷载横向分布系数计算(1)支座处的荷载横向分布系数m0的计算(杠杆法)支点处的荷载横向分布系数按杠杆原理法计算。由图3-4,3~10号板的横向分部系数计算如下:图3-4支点处荷载横向分布影响线三行汽车:oqm=1/2i=121=0.5两行汽车:oqm=1/2i=121=0.5(2)跨中及L/4处的荷载横向分布系数预制板间采用企口缝连接,所以跨中的荷载横向分布系数按铰接板法计算。首先计算空心板的刚度系数γ:22223775078.3341005.85.80.011944771723.9411960TTEIbIbGIlIl求得刚度系数后,从梁桥设计手册(上册)中的铰接板荷载横向分布影响线用表(附表)中查表,在γ=0.01和γ=0.02内插求得γ=0.0119对应的影响线竖标值,计算结果如表3-2:根据影响线竖标值绘制影响线竖标图,再在竖标图上布载,在计算汽车荷载时,考虑多车道折减,三车道的折减系数,ξ=0.78,影响线加载图如图3-5。表3-2跨中及L/4处影响线竖标值板号单位荷载作用位置(I号板中心)12345678910111210.001918816113010608607105905304303903603420.001916115713711109107406205204504003703630.001913013713712109908106705704904404003940.001910611112112611209207606405604904504350.001908608909911211810708907506405705205060.00190710740810921071151060890760670620596图3-5各板横向分布影响线及横向最不利布载图71号板:汽车:三列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.181+0.129+0.099+0.069+0.055+0.042)=0.288折减后:cqm=0.780.288=0.225二列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.181+0.129+0.099+0.069)=0.2390.225取两列:cqm=0.2392号板:汽车:三列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.160+0.136+0.103+0.072+0.057+0.044)=0.287折减后:cqm=0.780.287=0.224二列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.160+0.136+0.103+0.072)=0.2360.224取两列:cqm=0.2363号板:汽车:三列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.132+0.137+0.113+0.079+0.062+0.048)=0.286折减后:cqm=0.780.286=0.223二列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.132+0.137+0.113+0.079)=0.2310.223取两列:cqm=0.2314号板:汽车:三列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.109+0.123+0.117+0.085+0.067+0.052)=0.277折减后:cqm=0.780.277=0.216二列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.109+0.123+0.117+0.085)=0.2170.216取两列:cqm=0.2175号板:汽车:三列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.095+0.114+0.111+0.083+0.067+0.054)=0.262折减后:cqm=0.780.262=0.204二列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.095+0.114+0.111+0.083)=0.2020.204取三列:cqm=0.2046号板:汽车:三列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.1+0.11+0.109+0.083+0.069+0.060)=0.266折减后:cqm=0.780.286=0.207二列:cqm=1/2i=1/2(0.1+0.11+0.109+0.083)=0.2010.207取三列:cqm=0.207用位置作用种类83-3各板荷载横向分布系数汇总表:二行汽车三行汽车一号板0.2390.225二号板0.2360.224三号板0.2310.223四号板0.2170.216五号板0.2020.204六号板0.2010.207由表中数据可以看出,两行汽车、三行汽车作用时,1号板的横向分布系数最不利,因此,跨中和L/4处的荷载横向分布系数偏安全的取下列数值:cqm=0.239(3)支点到L/4处的荷载横向分布系数支点到L/4处的荷载横向分布系数按直线内插法求得空心板荷载横向分布系数汇