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•虚拟语气(Ⅰ)•一、什么是虚拟语气？•虚拟语气表示所叙述的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、建议、猜测或使语气婉转。•二、虚拟语气的应用(Ⅰ)•1．虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用•(1)与现在事实相反•从句中的谓语：过去式(be动词的过去式用were)•主句中的谓语：would/should/could/might＋动词原形•例如：•IfIwereaboy，Iwouldjointhearmy.•如果我是男孩，我就参军。•IfIwonthelottery，Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.•如果我彩票中奖，就买一辆昂贵的汽车。•IfIhadalotofmoneynow，Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.•如果我现在有很多钱，我就周游世界。•[动手练习]•①Ifhe________todoso，hecouldfindthetime.•A．wantsB．wanted•C．wouldwantD．haswanted•答案：B•②IfI________abird，I________veryhappy.•A．were，wouldbeB．am，shallbe•C．am，wouldbeD．were，shallbe•答案：A•(2)与过去的事实相反•从句的谓语：had＋过去分词•主句的谓语：should/would/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。•例如：•Ifhehadcomeearlier，hewouldhaveseenher.•如果他早来一点的话，他就会看见她了。•Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully，hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.•昨天，他如果开车更小心的话，他的车就不会出事故了。•[动手练习]•①Ifyou________thedoctor’sadvice，youwouldhaverecoveredalready.•A．followedB．wouldfollow•C．followD．hadfollowed•答案：D•②Ididn’tknowSmithwascominguntilnow.Ifyouhadletmeknownyesterday，I________totheairporttomeethim.•A．wouldhavegoneB．wouldgo•C．willhavegoneD．willgo•答案：A•③What________lastnightifyou________todoyourwashing?•A．wouldyoudo，hadn’thad•B．wouldyouhavedone，hadn’thad•C．wouldyoudo，didn’thave•D．wouldyouhavedone，didn’thave•答案：B•④IfIhadhurried，thetrain________.•A．wouldcatchB．wouldhavecaught•C．hadcaughtD．wouldhavebeencaught•答案：D•(3)与将来事实相反•从句的谓语：动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo•主句谓语：should/would/could/might＋动词原形。•例如：•Ifhegotupearly，hewouldbeontime.•他如果早起，就会准时。•Ifheweretocome，whatshouldwesaytohim?•如果他来的话，我们跟他说什么呢？•Ifthereshouldbeafire，whatshouldwedo?•万一发生火灾，我们该怎么办？•[动手练习]•①Ifhe________inadayortwo，Iwouldwaitforhim.•A．returns•B．shouldhavereturned•C．weretoreturn•D．hadreturned•答案：C•②Idon’tthinkhewillattendtheparty.Butifhe________theparty，whatwouldhewear?•A．shouldattend•B．wouldattend•C．attend•D．hadattended•答案：A•(4)在虚拟语气的条件从句中，如果含有had，should或were，可以省略if，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。•IfIhadhadtime，Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.•＝HadIhadtime，Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm.•如果我有时间的话，我就去看电影了。•IfIweretodoit，Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.•＝WereItodoit，Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.•要是我来做这事，我会用另一种做法。•[动手练习]•①________togothere，wewouldsendhimthere.•A．Wouldheagree•B．Hadheagreed•C．Shouldheagree•D．Hasheagreed•答案：C•②________aboutcomputers，wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.•A．Hadhelearnt•B．Shouldhelearn•C．Werehelearn•D．Hashelearnt•答案：A•2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用•(1)wish＋宾语从句•①与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时•IwishIwereadoctor.•我要是一名医生该多好啊。•Iwishwestudentshadmorefreetimetorelaxourselves.•要是我们学生有更多的时间放松自己该多好啊。•②与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should，would，could，might＋动词原形。•IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear.•但愿我明年能出国。•IwishIcouldgotoattendhisbirthdaypartythisweekend，butIwillbebusyatthattime.•我希望这一周末能参加他的生日聚会，但是那时我会很忙。•③与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。•IwishIhadwatchedthefootballmatch.•要是我看过这场足球赛就好了。•Ifailedintheexam.HowIwishIhadpassedtheexam.•我考试没及格。我是多么希望我及格了。•[动手练习]•①—DidyouseeRosebeforeshewenttoEngland?•—No.IwishI________her.•A．seeB．saw•C．hadseenD．shouldsee•答案：C•②—Joehasthreesisters，doesn’the?•—Nowonderhewisheshe________abrother.•A．hadB．willhave•C．haveD．canhave•答案：A•③—MaybePaulawillbringusgoodnewsaboutourtests.•—Iwishshe________.•A．doesB．bringsit•C．willD．would•答案：D•(2)suggest等＋宾语从句。像suggest这类表示建议、命令、要求等意思的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语通常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。这类动词有：order，insist，demand，desire，command，propose，request等。•Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.•老师建议我们的运动会推迟到下周。•Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents(should)behereontime.•校长命令所有学生要准时。•Heinsistedthatwe(should)attendthemeeting.•他坚持要我们出席会议。•注意：insist，suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况：•当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。例如•Sheinsistedthatshewasright.•她坚持说她是对的。•Sheinsistedthathehadstolenherbike.•她坚持说他偷了她的自行车。•当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。例如•Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.•他脸上的表情表明他不高兴。•Hispalefacesuggeststhatheisilltoday.•他脸色苍白，表明他今天病了。•[动手练习]•①Wedemandedthathe________thebillbytheendofthemonth.•A．wouldpayB．pay•C．paidD．hadpaid•答案：B•②—DidyourfathergotoNewYork?•—No，hisdoctorsuggestedthathe________.•A．notgoB．isn’tgoing•C．didn’tgoD．won’tgo•答案：A•③Hissayingsuggestedhe________withherwords.•A．notagreeB．didn’tagree•C．hadn’tagreeD．doesn’tagree•答案：B•④—I’veheardthatJohnwrotealonglettertothepresident.•—Hisuncleinsistedthathe________it.•A．didB．haddone•C．doD．woulddo•答案：C•⑤IinsistedthatI________myhomeworklastnight.•A．didB．haddone•C．doD．woulddo•答案：B•(3)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。例如：•Iwouldratheryouwenttheretomorrow.•我愿意让你明天去那里。•Iwouldratheryouhadnottoldmeaboutit.•我倒愿意你没告诉我这件事。•[动手练习]•①Iwouldratheryou________it.•A．doB．did•C．doesD．done•答案：B•②Iwouldratheryou________methetruth.•A．doesn’ttellB．didn’ttell•C．haven’ttoldD．hadn’ttold•答案：D•③I’dratheryou________anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.•A．doB．didn’tdo•C．don’tD．didn’t•答案：B