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虚拟化高可用2011年5月15高可用和容错•Ahighlyavailablesystemisonethatiscontinuouslyoperationalforadesirablylonglengthoftime.•Afault-tolerantsystemisdesignedsothat,intheeventofanunplannedoutage,abackupcomponentcanimmediatelytakeoverwithnolossofservice.Whatlevelofavailabilityisimportanttoyou?Itvaries.Thesystemmustmatchthehighestlevelofrequirement(themost9s)foranyvirtualmachine.99%available–87hoursor3.5daysofdowntimeperyear99.9%available–8.76hoursofdowntimeperyear99.99%available–52minutesofdowntimeperyear99.999%available–5minutesofdowntimeperyearVmware高可用和容错机制•AvailabilityfeaturesinVMwareESX™/ESXi:–Storageavailabilityusingmultipathing–NetworkavailabilityusingNICteaming–VMwareVMotion™andStorageVMotion•VMwareavailabilityproduct:–VMwareSiteRecoveryManager–Decreasesplannedandunplanneddowntime.SRMprotectsallofyourimportantsystemsandapplicationswithdisasterrecovery.VMwareHAFTMSCSClusteringLevelofavailabilityHighavailabilityFaulttoleranceFaulttoleranceAmountofdowntimeMinimalZeroZeroGuestoperatingsystemssupportedWorkswithallsupportedguestoperatingsystemsWorkswithallsupportedguestoperatingsystemsWorkswithWindowsoperatingsystemsESXhardwaresupportedWorkswithallsupportedESXhardwareLimitedtothenewestESXhardwareLimitedtohardwaresupportedbyMicrosoftUsesUsetoprovidehighavailabilityforallyourvirtualmachines.Usetoprovidefaulttolerancetoyourcriticalvirtualmachines.Useifyoualreadyhavein-houseexpertisewithMSCS.数据保护解决方案•VMwaredata-protectionproducts:–VMwareConsolidatedBackup•Acentralizedbackupfacilityforvirtualmachinesthatworksinconjunctionwithmanythird-partybackuptools–VMwareDataRecovery•Anagentless,disk-basedbackup-and-recoverysolutionforvirtualmachines,basedonavirtualappliance•BasedontheVMwarevStorageAPIsforDataProtectionvCenterServervCenterServervCenterServer使用VmwareHA和DRS•ThefirstpriorityofVMwareHAistheimmediateavailabilityofallvirtualmachines.•UsingVMwareHAandDRStogethercombinesautomaticfailoverwithloadbalancing.–ResultsinfastrebalancingofvirtualmachinesafterVMwareHAhasmovedvirtualmachinestodifferenthosts判断服务器故障•Detectingahostfailureisdonebymonitoringtheheartbeatssentbetweentheprimaryandsecondaryhosts.•Aheartbeatissenteverysecond(bydefault)overthe“heartbeat”network.–OnESXhosts,theserviceconsolenetworkisused.–OnESXihosts,aVMkernelnetworkisused.•Ifahostintheclusterlosesitsconnectiontotheheartbeatnetwork,butthehostcontinuesrunning,thehostisisolatedfromthecluster.•Anetworkfailuremightcausea“split-brain”condition.•VMwareHAwaits12secondsbeforedecidingthatahostisisolated.??启用VMwareHA•EnableVMwareHAbycreatinganewclusterormodifyinganexistingDRScluster.配置Vmware高可用•Disablehostmonitoringwhenperformingmaintenanceactivitiesonthehost.•Admissioncontrolhelpsensurethattherearesufficientresourcestoprovidehighavailability.Whichismoreimportant:uptimeorresourcefairness?主机容错•VMwareHAreservesenoughresourcestotolerateaspecifiednumberofhostfailures.TheHAClusterSummarytabshowsinformationaboutthispolicy.集群资源•VMwareHAreservesspecifiedpercentageoftotalclustercapacity.TheHAClusterSummarytabshowsinformationaboutthispolicy.选定容灾机•VMwareHAdedicatesahostexclusivelyforfailoverservice.TheHAClusterSummarytabshowsinformationaboutthispolicy.配置虚拟机参数•Configureoptionsattheclusterlevelorpervirtualmachine.VMrestartprioritydeterminesrelativeorderinwhichvirtualmachinesarerestartedafterahostfailure.HostisolationresponsedetermineswhathappenswhenhostlosesserviceconsolenetworkorVMkernelnetwork(ESXi)butcontinuesrunning.配置虚拟机监控Enableautomaticrestartduetofailureofguestoperatingsystem.Determinehowquicklyfailuresaredetected.Setmonitoringsensitivityforindividualvirtualmachines.VmwareHA集群架构vCenterServerVmware容错secondaryprimaryvLocksteptechnologynewsecondaryvLocksteptechnologyFTprovideszero-downtime,zero-data-lossprotectiontovirtualmachinesinaVMwareHAcluster.newprimary启动Vmware容错SelectTurnFaultToleranceOntoenableFTforavirtualmachine.备份内容•ThesearethevSpherecomponentstobackup:–ESXserviceconsole–ESXiconfiguration–Virtualmachinedata虚拟机备份•Storeapplicationdatainseparatevirtualdisksfromsystemimages.•Usefullvirtualmachinebackupsforsystemimages.–Thealternativeistoredeployfromtemplate.•UseConsolidatedBackuporDataRecovery.vCenterServerBackup-and-recoveryapplianceAgentless,disk-basedbackupandrecoverytoolforvirtualmachinesLinuxappliancevCenterServerintegrationvSphereClientplug-inWizard-drivenbackupandrestorejobcreationForthevSphereadministratorwhoWantsasimpleuserinterfacewithminimaloptionsWantstoleveragediskasdestinationstorage数据恢复备份源•Thebackupsourcecanbeatanylevelintheinventory–datacenter,folder,host,virtualmachine,virtualmachine’sdisk.•Theuseriswarnedif:–Virtualmachineisnotonalicensedhost–Morethan100virtualmachinesareselectedforbackup备份目的•ThedestinationstoragecanbeaVMwarevStorageVMFSdatastore(local,iSCSI,orFibreChannel),anNFSdatastore,oraCIFSshare.–Destinationisformattedasdeduplicationstorage.•Manuallyaddthedestination,avirtualdisk,totheappliance.•Eachbackupjobcanuseatmosttwodifferentdestinations.备份策略•Specifyapredefinedorcustomretentionpolicy.恢复作业•Selectthedestination:–Originallocationofvirtualmachine–Differenth