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Lesson11�中国医药学traditionalChinesemedicine;TCM2�中医基础理论basictheoryofTCM3�临床经验clinicalexperience4�辨证论治treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation5�杂病miscellaneousdiseases6�中药学Chinesepharmacy7�四气五味fourpropertiesandfivetastes8�针灸acupunctureandmoxibustion9�古代中国哲学classicalChinesephilosophy10�汗法diaphoresis11�下法purgation12�吐法emesis13�补土派SchoolofReinforcingtheEarth14�病因学etiology15�方剂prescription;formula16�医疗实践medicalpractice17�治疗原则therapeuticprinciple18�寒凉药物herbscoldandcoolinnature19�滋阴降火nourishingyinandreducingfire20�瘀血致病diseasescausedbystagnantblood1.中国医药学有数千年的历史�是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。TCMhasahistoryofthousandsofyearsandisasummaryoftheChinesepeople’sexperienceintheirstruggleagainstdiseases.2.中医学有完整独特的理论体系。TCMhasauniqueandintegrativetheoreticalsystem.3.中医学是研究人的生命规律以及疾病的发生�发展和防治规律的一门科学。TCMisasciencethatstudiestherulesoflifeaswellastheoccurrence,progress,preventionandtreatmentofdiseases.4.《黄帝内经》为中医学理论体系的形成奠定了基础。Huangdi’sInnerCanonofMedicinehaslaidafoundationfortheformationoftheoreticalsystemofTCM.5.《难经》在许多方面�尤其脉学上�补充了《黄帝内经》的不足。ClassicofDifficultieshassupplementedwhatwasunaddressedinHuangdi’sInnerCanonofMedicineinmanyrespects,especiallyinpulselore.6.《诸病源候论》是中医学最早的一部病因证候学专著。TreatiseonCausesandManifestationsofVariousDiseasesistheearliestmonographonetiologyandsymptomatologyinTCM.7.阳常有余�阴常不足。Yangisusuallyexcessivewhileyinisfrequentlydeficient.8.内伤脾胃�百病由生。Internalimpairmentofthespleenandstomachcausesvariousdiseases.9.《本草纲目》是中药学史的不朽著作�并对世界药学的发展做出伟大的贡献。CompendiumofMateriaMedicaisrecognizedasamonumentalworkinthehistoryofChinesemateriamedicaandagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofpharmacologyintheworld.10.中药不但包含有草药�而且包含有矿物药和动物药等。TraditionalChinesemateriamedicaincludesnotonlymedicinalherbs,butalsomineralsandanimalparts.11.金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。IntheJinandYuanDynasties,thereappearedtheso-called“fourgreatphysicians”inmedicalschool.12.张从正认为病由邪生�提倡汗、吐、下三法祛邪治病。ZhangCongzhengbelievedthatalldiseaseswerecausedbypathogenicfactorsandadvocatedthethreemeansofdiaphoresis,emesisandpurgationtoeliminatethepathogensforcureofdiseases13.刘完素认为“火热”为主要病因�用药以寒凉为主。LiuWansubelievedthat“fire-heat”wasthemaincauseofdiseasesandthedrugsheusedweremainlythosecoldandcoolinnature.14.李杲主张治疗疾病以温补脾胃为主�被称为“补土派”。LiGaoemphasizedthatwarming-strengtheningthespleenandstomachshouldbethekeyintreatingdiseasesandhewascalled“theSchooloReinforcingtheEarth”.15.朱丹溪治病以滋阴降火为主�被称为“养阴派”。ZhuDanxiadvocatedtheremediesofnourishingyinandreducingfireintreatmentofdiseasesandhewasknownas“theSchoolofNourishingYin”.16.温病是研究四时温病的发生、发展规律及其诊治方法的一门临床学科。TheStudyofWarmDiseaseisaclinicalsubjectinwhichthelawofoccurrenceanddevelopmentofwarm-heatdiseasesinthefourseasons,andtheirdiagnosesandtreatmentsarestudied.17.温病学派创立了以卫气营血和三焦为核心的温病辨证论治规范。TheschoolofWarmDiseasecreatedthenormsoftreatmentofwarmdiseasesbasedonsyndromedifferentiation,takingthedefensive-qi-nutrient-bloodsyndromesandthetriple-energizersyndromesasthecore.18.王清任改正了古医书在人体解剖方面的错误�并倡导瘀血致病的理论。WangQingrenrectifiedthemistakesmadeintheancientmedicalbooksabouthumananatomy,andadvocatedthetheoryofpathogenesisbystagnantblood.19.中西医结合为中医的发展与现代化开辟了一条新途径。TheintegrationofTCMwithWesternmedicineopenedanewwayfordevelopmentandmodernizationofTCM.20.中医基础理论系统化和实验研究取得了快速的进展。ArapiddevelopmenthasbeenachievedinsystematizationofTCMbasictheoryandexperimentalstudy.Lesson21�五脏fivezang-organs;fivezang-viscera2�六腑sixfu-organs3�经络系统systemofmeridiansandcollaterals4�整体观念holism5�有机整体organicwhole6�社会属性socialattribute7�开窍(ofthefivezang-organs)openinto8�生长化收藏sprouting,growing,transforming,ripeningandstoring9�诊断学diagnostics10�邪正关系relationshipbetweenpathogenicfactorsandhealthyqi11�治疗学therapeutics12�风寒感冒commoncoldduetowindandcold13�同病异治treatmentofthesamediseasewithdifferentremedies14�异病同治treatmentofdifferentdiseaseswiththesameremedy15�水液代谢平衡balanceofwatermetabolism16�清心火clearingawayheartfire17�疾病本质natureofdisease18�“以左治右”treatingtheleftsideforcuringdiseaseslocatedontherightside19�“从阴引阳”drawingyangfromyin20�“病在上者下取之”treatingthelowerpartforcuringdiseaseslocatedontheupperpart1�中医理论体系有两个基本特点�一是整体观念�二是辨证论治。ThetheoreticalsystemofTCMismainlycharacterizedbyholismandtreatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation.2�中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体。TCMbelievesthatthehumanbodyisanorganicwhole.3�人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用�在病理上相互影响。Theconstituentpartsofthehumanbodyareinterdependentinfunctionandmutuallyinfluentialinpathology.4�整体观念贯穿于中医生理、病理、诊法、辨证和治疗的各个方面。Theholismpermeatesthroughvariousaspectsofthephysiology,pathology,diagnosis,syndromedifferentiationandtreatmentofdiseases.5�自然界的变化又可以直接或间接地影响人体。Changesinthenaturalworlddirectlyorindirectlyinfluencethehumanbody.6�人的气血春夏趋向于表�秋冬趋向里Qiandbloodinthehumanbodytendtoflowtotheexteriorinspringandsummerandtotheinteriorinautumnandwinter.7�心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里。Theheartopensintothetongueandisinternallyandexternallyrelatedtothesmallintestine.8�中医认识到社会活动对心理的影响。TCMhasnoticedthatsocialactivitypsychologicallyinfluenceshumanbeings.9�中医强调形神共存�互用并相互影响。AccordingtoTCM,thebodyandspiritcoexist,interactingwitheachotherandinfluencingeachother.10.人体阳气白天多趋于表�夜晚多趋于里。Yangqiinthehumanbodytendstoflowtotheexteriorinthedaytimeandtot