2016英语一轮复习知识排查突破：人教新课标-book-1-unit-2(含解析)

重点识记词汇1.actuallyadv.实际上；事实上2.becauseof因为；由于3．nativeadj.本国的；本地的n．本地人；本国人4.comeup走近；上来；提出5．atpresent现在；目前6.vocabularyn．词汇；词汇量；词表7．makeuseof利用；使用8.latteradj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的9．suchas例如……；像这种的10.voyagen．航行；航海11．requestn．&vt.请求；要求12.playapart(in)扮演一个角色；参与13．accentn．口音；腔调；重音14.expressionn．词语；表示；表达15．straightadv.直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的；正直的16．identityn．本身；本体；身份→identifyv．确定；认出；鉴定17．easternadj.东方的；东部的→southeasternadj.东南方的；来自东南的→northwesternadj.西北方的；来自西北的18．enrichvt.使富裕；充实；改善→richadj.富裕的；有钱的19．officialadj.官方的；正式的；公务的→officen．办公室→officern．官员20．basevt.以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础→basicadj.基本的；基础的21．gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地22．fluentadj.流利的；流畅的→fluentlyadv.流利地；流畅地→fluencyn．流利；流畅23．frequentadj.频繁的；常见的→frequentlyadv.常常；频繁地→frequencyn．频率；频度24．usagen．使用；用法；词语惯用法→usefuladj.有用的→usen．&v．使用，利用25．commandn．&vt.命令；指令；掌握→commandern．指挥员，司令员26．recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizableadj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognitionn．认出；认识；识别27．spellingn．拼写；拼法→spellv．拼写必背经典句式1.WhichcountrydoyouthinkhasthemostEnglishlearners?你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家？2．...peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld...……英国人(开始)航海征服世界其它地区……3．SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。4．NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。5.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio，thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。6．Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.因此到十七世纪，莎士比亚能够运用比以往更大的词汇量。7．ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersontospeakEnglishaswellasanativeEnglishspeaker.对中国人来说，想把英语说得像英国人一样好，并不是件容易的事。构词记忆dis­disability/ˌdIsə′bIlətI/n．[C]&[U]缺陷；伤残disadvantage/ˌdIsəd′vɑːntIdʒ/n．[C]&[U]不利；不利条件；缺点disagreement/ˌdIsə′ɡriːmənt/n．[C]&[U]意见不一；分歧；争论discount/′dIskaʊnt/n．[C]&[U]折扣vt.打折扣；不全信；低估1basevt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在(use...asthemainplace)；以……为基础；n.根基，基底；底座(thelowestpart)；根据，出发点；基础[应试指导]过去分词句法功能的考查base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据bebasedon/upon以……为根据基础basisn.原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础onthebasisof在……基础上basicadj.基础的；基本的Actually，teachingisanartbasedonscience.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。[夯实基础](1)语法填空①Basing(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason，youwillregretitsoonerorlater.②Based(base)onmyownopinion，thisoneisfarbetterthanthatone.(2)用base短语完成句子Therestaurantisbasedontrust，anditisworkingallright.这家餐馆建立在信任之上，现在运营正常。(3)按要求改写句子①Basedontrust，therestaurantisworkingallright.(把上题(2)改为含有分词短语作状语的简单句)②Therestaurant，whichisbasedontrust，isworkingallright.(把上题(2)改为含有定语从句的复合句)2separatev.把……分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的separateAfromB把A和B分开beseparatedfrom和……分离divide...into...把……分成……It’snotalwayseasytoseparatecausefromeffect.因果关系并不总是容易区分的。Theyledseparatelives.他们各自单独生活。[特别提醒]separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。[夯实基础]语法填空(1)Icanseparatecreamfrommilk.(2)Thetwocitiesareseparatedbyahighway.(3)Dividethecakeintohalves.(4)TaiwanispartofChina.Butitisaseparateisland.It’sseparatedfromthemainlandbyTaiwanStrait.(separately)3错误虚拟语气的考查(2)写作高级词汇haveagoodcommandofcommandsb.todo...命令某人做……commandthat...shoulddo...命令……atone’scommand听某人支配haveagoodcommandof掌握……；精通……takecommandof指挥；控制incommandof掌管；掌握Thepolicearrivedandtookcommandofthesituation.警察到达后就控制了局势。Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。[夯实基础](1)语法填空①Iamhereatthepresident’scommand.②Theyareincommandofthepresentsituation.③Afterhardwork，hefinallytookcommandofthelanguageofEnglish.④Thedirectorcommandedthateveryone(should)follow(follow)hisadvice.(2)他命令我们马上出发。(一句多译)①Hecommandedthatwe(should)setoffatonce.(commandthat...)②Hecommandedustosetoffatonce.(command＋复合宾语)4requestvt.&n.要求；请求ask；askfor[应试指导]虚拟语气的考查requestsb.todosth.请求某人做某事requeststh.fromsb.向某人要求某物requestthat...shoulddo...要求……atone’srequest＝attherequestofsb.应某人的要求Shehadrequestedthatthedoortoherroombeleftopen.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。Vietnammadeanofficialrequestthatthemeetingbepostponed.越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。[特别提醒]动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should＋)动词原形。[夯实基础]同义句改写(1)WerequestedMr.Wangnottosmokeintheoffice.WerequestedthatMr.Wang(should)notsmokeintheoffice.(2)Itisrequestedthatalltheclubmembersattendtheannualmeeting.Alltheclubmembersarerequestedtoattendtheannualmeeting.5expectv.预料；预计；期望；盼望[应试指导]beexpectedtodo，besupposedtodo作为高级词汇替换should，hadbetterexpectsb.todo...预料期望某人做……asexpected正如所料；不出所料expectationn.预料；希望，盼望inexpectationof预料beyondexpectations出乎意料liveuptosb.’sexpectations达到期望；符合希望Wewereexpectinghimhomeagainsomeday.我们期盼着他某一天再回家。Don’texpectmetocomeandvisityouthere.别指望我会去那儿看你。[夯实基础](1)语法填空①Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime­consumingthanwehadexpected(expect)．②Theshowliveduptoallourexpectations(expect)—itwaswonderful.(2)Hefailedintheexam，andallofushadexpectedit.①Asexpected，hefailedintheexam.(用as的省略句改写句子)②Aswasexpected，hefailedintheexam.(用as引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子)③Hefailedintheexam，whichwasexpected.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子)6recognizev.认识；辨认出makeout；意识到；承认admit；赏识，表彰；向……打招呼saluteto[应试指导]在语境中时态的考查berecognizedas...被公认为……Itisrecognizedthat...人们公认……outof/beyondrecognition