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毕业论文雪花膏的研制Developmentofvanishingcream系名：专业班级：学生姓名：学号：指导教师姓名：指导教师职称：年月-1-目录第一章化妆品概述.............................................................................................-4-1.1化妆品的简介..............................................................................................-4-1.2乳剂类化妆品的生产..................................................................................-4-1.2.1基质原料............................................................................................-5-1.2.2辅助材料............................................................................................-6-第二章乳剂类化妆品生产的主要工艺.............................................................-7-2.1搅拌控制......................................................................................................-7-2.2乳化工艺......................................................................................................-7-2.2.1乳化体制备工艺................................................................................-8-2.2.2生产程序............................................................................................-8-2.2.3乳化剂的加入方法............................................................................-8-2.2.4转相的方法........................................................................................-8-2.2.5低能乳化法........................................................................................-9-2.3温度控制......................................................................................................-9-2.4黏度调节......................................................................................................-9-2.5香精和防腐剂的加入................................................................................-10-2.6乳化体化妆品配方的基本原则................................................................-10-2.6.1乳化体的类型..................................................................................-10-2.6.2油/水型乳剂的制造方法................................................................-11-2.6.3乳化剂的选择..................................................................................-11-第三章乳剂类化妆品的实验研制...................................................................-12-3.1实验原料及仪器........................................................................................-12-3.2实验部分....................................................................................................-12-3.2.1皂化蜡的氧化..................................................................................-12-3.2.2乳化剂的选择..................................................................................-12-3.2.3乳化剂用量的确定..........................................................................-13-3.2.4乳化工艺的考察..............................................................................-14-3.3结论............................................................................................................-17-结论.....................................................................................................................-18-致谢.....................................................................................................................-19-参考文献.................................................................................................................-20--2-摘要雪花膏（vanishingcream;facecream）一种非油腻性的护肤化妆品。涂在皮肤上立即消失，类似雪花，故名。一般是硬脂酸和碱类溶液中和后生成的阴离子型乳化剂为基础的油/水型乳化体。能使皮肤与外界干燥空气隔离，调节皮肤表皮水分的挥发，从而保护皮肤，不致干燥、皲裂或粗糙。在一定条件下，两种互不混溶的液体，一种以微粒（液滴或液晶）分散于另一种中形成的体系称为乳状液。乳状液在工农业生产、日常生活以及生理现象中都有广泛应用。乳状液是热力学上的不稳定系统，为了进行乳化作用和得到有一定稳定性的乳状液，要加入能降低界面能的第三种物质，此物质称为乳化剂。乳化剂是乳状液赖以稳定存在的关键，大多型的表面活性剂，但并非表面活性剂都适合做乳化剂，所以在制备乳状液时如何选择乳化剂就成为一个关键问题。实际生产中对乳化剂的选择有多种方法和原则，其中使用HLB值选择乳化剂有直观方便的优点，几十年来一直被许多部门作为选择乳化剂的重要依据和手段[1]。乳化剂的组成，质量分数对制备改性皂化蜡微乳液至关重要，当采用Tween-60Span-60和助乳化剂乳化蜡样，m（蜡样）：m（乳化剂）：m（助乳化剂）=1：0.40：0.02时，得到稳定的微乳液。乳化工艺对蜡乳液也有一定的影响,当乳化时间为30min，乳化温度为85～90℃，搅拌速度为(1000～1200)r/min，得到稳定的微乳液。关键词：雪花膏乳化脂肪酸甘油脂-3-DevelopmentofvanishingcreamABSTRACTVanishingcream(vanishingcream;Facecream)isnotgreasyfood'sonekindprotectingskincosmetics.Scribblethedisappearinskinimmediately,similarsnowflake,oldname.Bethatthegeneratednegativeiontypeemulsifieristhebasisoil/watertypeemulsificationbodyafterstearicacidandthealkaliaresimilartosolutionneutralizationingeneral.Canuseskinandtheexternalworlddryingairisolation,adjustskincuticlemoisturecontentbeingvolatized,protectskinthereby,won'tdry,chaporrough.Undercertainconditions,thetwonon-miscibleliquids,aparticle(orliquiddroplets)dispersedinanotherintheformationofthesystemknownasemulsion.Emulsionintheindustrialandagriculturalproduction,aswellasthephysiologicalphenomenonofeverydaylife,therearewidelyused.Emulsioninstabilityisthethermodynamicsystem,inordertocarryouttheroleandhasbeenemulsifiedacertainemulsionstability,itisnecessarytoreduceinterfacialenergybyaddingathirdsubstance,thissubstanceisknownastheemulsifier.Emulsionwhichemulsionstabilityisthekeytotheexistenceofmosttypesofsurfactants,surfactant,butnotallsuitableemulsifier,emulsioninpreparationofemulsifieronhowtochoosewhentobecomeakeyissue.Actualproductionofemulsifiersthecho