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PresentPerfectTense过去发生/已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。现在完成时的概念present(now)futurepastPresentPerfectTense现在完成时主语+have/has+过去分词(pp)现在完成时的结构Winterhasalreadycome,willitstillbefarinspring?主语+have/has+过去分词(pp)否定形式haven’t(havenot)+过去分词hasn’t(hasnot)+过去分词疑问句把助动词have/has放在句首现在完成时的结构注:主语若是第三人称单数助动词用hasYouhaveplantedallthetrees.Ihaveplantedallthetrees.He/shehasplantedallthetrees.Theyhaveplantedallthetrees.区别have和has的用法主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has1、规则变化(过去分词与过去时变化规则一样)(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。live---lived过去分词(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将“y”变为“i”,再加“ed”。,study---studied---studiedcry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stoppeddrop---dropped--droppedshop--shopping2、不规则变化have—had—hadam/is—was—beenare—were—beendo—did—donego—went—gonesee—saw—seenPresentperfecttense现在完成时构成:用法一:表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.现在完成时,强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+过去分词1.两个句子都表示过去发生的事;2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系,不能和具体的时间状语连用;3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态,没有说明与现在的关系,它与表示过去的具体时间连用。(last,ago,yesterday,etc.)presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIlivedthere2yearsago现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:现在完成时:强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果,与现在有关。一般过去时:仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作,与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他曾学过五年英语。HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.(说明他还会继续学下去)(只说明他过去学过五年英语,但现在不学了。)I’velivedherefortenyears.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)Ilivedherefortenyears.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)Hehasboughtahouse.他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)Heboughtahousetenyearsago.他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过去某一年,twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时(表过去的时间)当有sofar,in/during/overthepast/lastfewdays(在过去/最近的几年里),since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时(不能与确定的时间)PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.A:火车已经开走了.B:什么时候开走的?A:半个小时之前开走的.2.A:这本书我已经买了两年了.B:你在哪儿买的?A:在我老家买的.3.A:你看过这部电影吗?B:看过.A:什么时候看的.B:上周星期天看的.A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave.A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.A:I`vehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用,常与之连用的时间状语有:before,bynow(sofar),once,twice…,just,recentlyyet(否/疑),already(肯),ever,never,allone’slife,in/during/overthepast/last5years,现在完成时中,already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。Eg:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经做完家庭作业了。Hehadjusthadhismeal.他刚吃过饭。HaveyoueversungtheEnglishsong?你曾听过这首英文歌吗?Theyhaven’tstartedyet.他们还没有动身。Wehaveneverheardofit.我们从来没听过这件事。(1)already肯定句:“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?(表示强调)I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(常见)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(2)yet否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.注意:当在肯定句中含already或just,变否定时,在句末加yet。Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.●Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.(3)ever肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?(4)never否定句:句中“从来没有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,将ever变neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermademeal.带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”(5)just用于句中,表示“刚刚”I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?(6)before用于句末,表示“以前”I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?Exercises1.I________(have)lunchalready.2.Hasthetrain_______(arrive),yet?3.Tome____never_______(beto)China.4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.Manytallbuildings____________(build)inthepast5years.havehadarrivedhasbeentohasseensawhavebeenbuilt用法二:E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句(句中的谓语动词为过去式)ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达)for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:Takenotes注意:对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用___________1.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?2.Shehasstoodheresince2hoursago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?howlong选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandpahasbeendead______severalyears.forsinceforsincefor6.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.7.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.8.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.9.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______mybirthday.10.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.11.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.12.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/come··········Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates?beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbee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