《脑干》ppt课件

ThebrainstemThebrainstem脑干ConsistsofMidbrain中脑Pons脑桥Medullaoblongata延髓（一）脑干的外形1、延髓的外形2、脑桥的外形3、中脑的外形4、第四脑室中脑脑桥延髓第四脑室Medullaoblongata延髓VentralsurfacePyramid锥体:containpyramidaltract(corticospinaltract)Decussationofpyramid锥体交叉:formedbycrossingfibersofcorticospinaltractOlive橄榄:producedbyunderlyinginferiorolivarynucleusAnterolateralsulcus前外侧沟:rootletsofhypoglossalnerveemergefromitRetroolivarysulcus橄榄后沟:rootletsofglossopharyngeal,vagusandaccessorynervesemergefromitMedullaoblongata延髓DorsalsurfaceLowerportionGraciletubercle薄束结节:producedbyunderlyinggracilenucleusCuneatetubercle楔束结节:marksthesiteofcuneatenucleusInferiorcerebellarpeduncle小脑下脚Obex闩Upperportion:formsthelowerhalfofrhomboidfossaPons脑桥VentralsurfaceBasilarpart基底部Basilarsulcus基底沟Bulbopontinesulcus延髓脑桥沟:frommedialtolateral,theabducent,facialandvestibulocochlearnervesappearMiddlecerebellarpeduncle小脑中脚Trigeminalnerve三叉神经Pontocerebellartrigone脑桥小脑三角:thejunctionofmedulla,ponsandcerebellumPons脑桥DorsalsurfaceSuperiorcerebellarpeduncle小脑上脚Superiormedullaryvelum前髓帆Trochlearnerve滑车神经Midbrain中脑VentralsurfaceCruscerebri大脑脚底Interpeduncularfossa脚间窝oculomotornervesemergefrommedialofcruscerebriPosteriorperforatedsubstance后穿质Midbrain中脑DorsalsurfaceSuperiorcolliculus上丘constitutecentersforvisualreflexesInferiorcolliculus下丘associatedwithauditorypathwayBrachiumofsuperiorcolliculi上丘臂Brachiumofinferiorcolliculi下丘臂脑干腹侧面视交叉视束桥小脑角舌下神经副神经迷走神经舌咽神经前庭蜗神经面神经展神经三叉神经动眼神经滑车神经大脑脚基底沟小脑中脚锥体橄榄锥体交叉脑干背侧面小脑中脚小脑下脚小脑上脚滑车神经薄束结节楔束结节蓝斑下丘上丘面神经丘前庭区舌下神经三角迷走神经三角Fourthventricle第四脑室PositionSituatedventraltocerebellum,anddorsaltoponsandcranialhalfofmedullaCentralcanal→fourthventricle→mesencephalicaqueduct→thirdventricleBoundariesInferolateral:gracileandcuneatetubercles,inferiorcerebellarpeduncleSuperolateral:superiorcerebellarpeduncleLateralrecessFeaturesMediansulcus正中沟Sulcuslimitans界沟Vestibulararea前庭区overliesvestibularnucleiAcoustictubercle听结节overlyingdorsalcochlearnucleusMedialeminence内侧隆起Striaemedullares髓纹Facialcolliculus面神经丘:overliesnucleusofabducentn.andgenuoffacialnerveHypoglossaltriangle舌下神经三角:verlyinghypoglossalnucleusVagaltriangle迷走神经三角:overliesdorsalnucleusofvagusnerveFuniculusseparans分隔索Areapostrema最后区Locusceruleus蓝斑RoofAnteriorpart:formedbysuperiorcerebellarpeduncleandsuperiormedullaryvelumPosteriorpart:formedbyinferiormedullaryvelumandchoroidplexusoffourthventricleThreeaperturesMedianapertureoffourthventricle第四脑室正中孔Twolateralaperturesoffourthventricle第四脑室外侧孔示第四脑室上髓帆第四脑室脉络丛第四脑室外侧孔第四脑室正中孔（二）脑干的内部结构1、脑干内脑神经核的排列（1）躯体运动柱（8对）（2）内脏运动柱（4对）（3）内脏感觉柱（1对）（4）躯体感觉柱（5对）InternalstructuresGraymatterCranialnervenucleiRelaynuclei示脑神经核6个机能柱躯体感觉内脏感觉内脏运动躯体运动Generalsomaticmotornuclei一般躯体运动核Nucleusofoculomotorn.动眼神经核Nucleusoftrochlearn.滑车神经核Nucleusofabducentn.展神经核Nucleusofhypoglossaln.舌下神经核Specialvisceralmotornuclei特殊内脏运动核Motornucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经运动核Nucleusoffacialn.面神经核Nucleusambiguus疑核Accessorynucleus副神经核Generalvisceralmotornuclei一般内脏运动核Accessoryoculomotornucleus动眼神经副核Superiorsalivatorynucleus上泌涎核Inferiorsalivertorynucleus下泌涎核Dorsalnucleusofvagusn.迷走神经背核Visceralsensorynuclei(generalandspecial)Nucleusofsolitarytract孤束核GeneralsomaticsensorynucleiMesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经中脑核Pontinenucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经脑桥核Spinalnucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神经脊束核SpecialsomaticsensorynucleiCochlearnuclei蜗神经核Vestibularnuclei前庭神经核2、传导中继核延髓：薄束核楔束核下橄榄核脑桥：脑桥核蓝斑核中脑：红核黑质3、网状结构的核团Gracilenucleus薄束核Cuneatenucleus楔束核Inferiorolivarynucleus下橄榄核Superioroliverynucleus上橄榄核Pontinenucleus脑桥核Nucleusofinferiorcolliculus下丘核Graymatterlayersofsuperiorcolliculus上丘灰质层Rednucleus红核Substantianigra黑质Pretectalarea顶盖前区Relaynuclei传导中继核2、脑干内的纤维束（1）锥体束皮质脊髓束皮质核束（2）内侧丘系（3）脊髓丘系（脊髓丘脑束)（4）三叉丘系内侧丘系交叉内侧丘系背侧丘脑薄束核楔束核内侧丘系脊髓丘系背侧丘脑脊髓后角灰质脊髓丘系三叉神经脊束核三叉神经脑桥核三叉丘系背侧丘脑三叉丘系Laterallemniscus外侧丘系中央前回中、上部中央旁小叶前部皮质脊髓束皮质脊髓侧束皮质脊髓前束锥体交叉中央前回下部皮质核束面神经核下部舌下神经核锥体束Thecharactersofinternalstructureofbrainstem平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘MedullaoblongataLowerpart(closedpart)Twodecussations–DecussationsofmediallemniscusDecussationsofpyramid平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘MedullaoblongataUpperpart(openpart)AppearanceofinferiorolivarynuculeusandinferiorcerebellarpeduncleEnlargementofcentralcanaltoformthefourthventriclefloor平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘PonsTegmentumofpons脑桥被盖directedupwardcontinuationofmedullaoblongataBasilarpart基底部containbothlongitudinalandtransversefibersintermixedwithpontinenuclei平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘MidbrainRectumofmidbrain中脑顶盖:includessuperiorandinferiorcolliculiCerebralpeduncle大脑脚Tegmentum被盖:containascendingtracts,centralgraymatter,recticularformationandsoonSubstentianigra黑质Cruscerebri大脑脚底:Pyramidaltract锥体束－middlethree-fifthsofthecrus:Frontopontinetract额桥束medialone-fifth:pariatotempopontinetract顶颞桥束lateralone-fifth平锥体交叉平内侧丘系交叉平橄榄中部平脑桥下部平脑桥中部平脑桥上部平中脑下丘平中脑上丘ReticularformationofbrainstemAscendingreticularactivatingsystem(ARAS)上行网状激动系统Motorcentr