搜索
水产养殖专业英语OceanToday一OpenRivers,AbundantFishManyspeciesoffish,includingthosethatareimportanttotheU.S.economy,migratefromtheoceantofreshwaterriversandstreamstospawn.Afterspendingyearsintheocean,fishinstinctuallyreturntothesameriverswheretheywereborn,makingtheoften-treacherousjourneyupstream.Somefish,likesalmon,travelnearlyathousandmiles.Iftheymakeitpaststrongrivercurrentsandhungrypredators,thesedeterminedfishmaythenfindthemselvesblockedbyman-madebarriers,suchasdams.AsmanyastwomilliondamsandculvertsarelocatedinthestreamsandriversoftheUnitedStates.Unfortunately,manyofthemblockaccesstomorethan600,000milesofriverhabitat.Special“fishladders”arebuilttohelpfishpassoverthesedamssotheycancontinueswimmingupstreamtoreachtheirspawninggrounds.Someofthedamsthatblockfishpassageareimportantproducersofcleanelectricalpower.Butotherdamsinthewayoffishmigrationsareoldandoutofuse,evendangerousiftheyareleftuncheckedandnotmaintained.Oftenthebestsolutionistotakethemdown.In2007,PortlandGeneralElectricremovedtheMarmotDaminOregon,whichopened100milesoffreshwaterhabitattothousandsofmigratingfish.Amongthemwereseveralsalmonspecies,whicharelistedas'threatened'undertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.TheMerrimackVillageDaminNewHampshirewasanothersuccessfuldamremoval.Thesmalldam,originallybuiltinthe1730s,hadfallenintodisuseanddisrepair.Loiselle:“RemovaloftheMerrimackVillageDamisgoingtomakewayforriverherring,Americanshad,Americaneels,andAtlanticsalmonthathavebeenblockedfrommigratinguptheSouheganRiverforalmosttwoandahalfcenturies.…[bigsmile]weanticipatethatwe’regoingtoseemanymorefish,otherwildlifeintheareaandinourriversystemthanwe’veeverseenbefore.”NARRATOR:Whenweremoveabarriertomigratingfish,wenotonlyincreasethehealthandquantityoflocalfishpopulations,wealsoincreasetheoverallhealthoftheriverandeventheeconomichealthofthecommunity.NOAAhashelpedremoveover50damsin12years,enablingmigratoryfishtofinallyreachtheirhistorichabitat.二FishonaFarmEveryweekendsmallfarmersaroundthecountryheadtotheirlocalfarmer’smarketstoselltheirfruitsandveggies.Wellguesswhat?There’sanewfarmerintown.Fishfarmers.IntheU.S.,weimportover80%oftheseafoodweeat,andhalfofthatisfarmed.Thisgrowingdemandforsafe,healthyseafoodhaspromptedarevivalofthefishfarmingindustryhereathome.Farmersraisefinfishusingavarietyofmethods,buttheyallstartoutwithbabyfishorfingerlingsraisedinahatchery.Oncetheyarelargeenough,thefishareplacedineithersurfacepensneartheshoreorsubmersiblecagesintheopenocean.Thenettingorcagesallowoceanwatertoflowinandout,butkeepsthefishcontainedinonearea.Fishfoodisdispensedfrombuoysfloatingonthesurfaceatthetopofthepen.Oncethefishhavematured–theyareharvestedusinglargevacuums.Thefisharethenprepped,placedonice,andtakentomarket.Therearesomeenvironmentalconcernsassociatedwithfishfarming:Forexample,thepelletsusedtofeedthefishareactuallymadefromsmallfishcaughtinthewild.Inordertokeeplargernumbersoftheseimportantfishinthefoodchain,expertsarenowfindingalternativeingredientsforfishmeal.Anotherconcernisthattoomanycagesinthewronglocationcanleadtowaterpollution.Butexpertsarenowusingcomputermodelstomapoutsiteswherecageswouldhavelessenvironmentalimpact.Fishfarmingcangeneratejobsandprofitshereathome.Andwiththeuseofnewtechnologies,itcanalsosafelyandsustainablymeetthedemandsofaseafoodhungrynation.三SeafoodDoesaBodyGoodWhenweheadtothebeachwethinkofsun,sand,andfun.Attheendofthedaymanyofusliketoenjoyfresh,localseafood.Evenifyouarenotonthecoast,seafoodisbecominganumberonetreatforgoingouttoeat.Thegoodnewsissafeseafooddoesabodygood.Seafoodsuppliesprotein,nutrients,andessentialomega-3fattyacids;protectsagainstcardio-vasculardisease;andbenefitsbraindevelopment.Andseafoodisgoodfortheeconomy.In2012,theU.S.commercialfishingindustrygenerated$141billioninsales,$39billioninincome,andsupported1.3millionjobs.Aquaculture,alsoknownasfishandshellfishfarming–isoutpacingwildharvestfisheriesgloballyinordertomeetseafooddemand.TheUSalsohasavibrantandgrowingaquacultureindustry.WhiletheU.S.isaworldleaderinsustainability,withNOAAFisheriesmanagingandimprovingfishhabitatsandstocks,ourmarinescientistsareatthecuttingedgeofresearchthat’skeepingourseafoodsupplysafe.Forexample,researchersaresuccessfullydevelopingandtestingalternativefeedsforfarmedfreshwaterandmarinefishtohelpmaintainhighnutritionalvaluewhilereducingourrelianceonalimitedsupplyoffishmealandfishoilinaquafeeds.And,scientistsatNOAA’sNorthwestFisheriesScienceCenteraretestingtheEnvironmentalSampleProcessortohelpforecastbloomsofharmfulalgaeandbacteriauptoaweekinadvanceinordertoprotectshellfishbedsandthepublicfrompossibleexposure.TheshellfishindustryinthePacificNorthwestsuppliesmillionsofpoundsofseafoodtotheU.S.andtheworld.AndmillionsofdollarsinfundingopportunitiesthroughNOAASeaGrantandtheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture’sSmallBusinessInnovationResearchwillhelpfosterotheradvancementsinaquaculturescienceandtechnology.TheseeffortsacrossNOAA,otherfederalagencies,andtheirpartnerswillcontinuetosupportasafe,healthyandsecureseafoodsupplyforusalltoenjoy.Becauseseafoodhealth,theocean’shealth,andourhealth,