Ernest-Hemingway海明威人物介绍the-Lost-Generation迷惘的一代

ErnestHemingway(July21,1899–July2,1961)Americannovelist,short-storywriter,andjournalist.1234ContentsLifeexperienceMajorworksThemeStyleHisLife•childhood•schoollife•afterhighschool•WorldwarⅠ•lifeinKeyWest•WorldWarII•suicidechildhoodHeisthesecondchild,andfirstson*HeisraisedinOakPark,asuburbofChicago*Hisfather—asuccessfulphysician，lovefishingandhunting*Hismother—amusicteacher*musiclessonswereusefulinhiswritingandalifelongpassionforoutdooradventureandforlivinginremoteareasschoollife•HeattendedOakParkandRiverForestHighSchoolandexcelledbothacademicallyandathletically•Hisfirstwritingexperiencewasfortheschool'snewspaperandyearbookafterhighschoolHeworkedasareporterforTheKansasCityStar(堪萨斯《星报》)beforeWorldWarIforonlysixmonthsWorldwarⅠ•joinedtheRedCrossAmbulanceCorps(红十字会战场服务队)•onJuly8,1918,hewoundedbutcarriedanItaliansoldiertosafety,receivedtheItalianSilverMedalofBravery•wheninthehospital,hemetandfellinlovewithAgnes,aRedCrossnursebutrejectedlifeinKeyWest•In1928，hemovedtoKeyWest,Florida,tobegintheirnewlife•Atthistime,hisfathercommittedsuicide•Duringtheearly1930sHemingwaywerebusywithhunting,fishing,bullfighting,travelingandwritingWorldWarII•AfterthePacificwarbrokeout，heevenimprovisedhisyachtassubmarinetodetectGermanarmyandoffertheinformationtoAmericangovernment.In1940,hecreatedForWhomtheBellTollsandin1952hepublishedhisbest-knownnovel，atleasttoChinesepeople，OldManAndTheSea.suicide•Discouragedbyatroubledfamilybackground,illnessandthebeliefthathewaslosinghisgiftforwriting,hequitedeliberatelyshothimselfwithhisfavoriteshotgunintheearlymorninghoursofJuly2,1961.Majorworksshortstories1923：ThreeStoriesandTenPoems《三个故事和十首诗》1925：CatintheRain《雨中的猫》1925：InOurTime《在我们的时代里》1927：MenWithoutWomen《没有女人的男人》1932：TheSnowsofKilimanjaro《乞力马扎罗的雪》1933：WinnerTakeNothing《胜者一无所获》1938：TheFifthColumnandtheFirstForty-NineStories《第五纵队与49个故事》1972：TheNickAdamsStories《尼克·亚当斯故事集》1987：TheCompleteShortStoriesofErnestHemingway《海明威短篇故事全集》1995：Everyman'sLibrary:TheCollectedStorie《海明威故事选集》Figuremasterpieces•1926：TheSunalsoRises《太阳照常升起》•1929：AFarewelltoArms《永别了，武器》•1940：ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》•1952：TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》SpokesmanoftheLostGeneration迷惘的一代•Definition:termappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingWWI,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvaluesbutcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism.ThisincludedtheyoungEnglishandAmericanexpatriatesaswellasmenandwomencaughtinthewarandcutofffromtheoldvaluesandyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationhadgonemad.•Timeperiod:1920s•Sourceofthename:GertrudeStein（格特鲁德·斯坦因）,prefacetoTheSunAlsoRises•Commoncharacteristics:–ComingofageduringtheWar,havingsomethingtodowithit–Disillusionedandantagonisticagainstwar–UnhappyaboutAmericanculture–ExpatiatesinParis•Majorrepresentatives:thewriterssuchasHemingway,F.S.Fitzgerald,ThomasWolfe,andLouisBromfieldandpoetslikeMalcolmCowley,E.E.Cummings,andEzraPound.Majorthemes1.HemingwayThemewithaHemingwayHero:•Hemingway’sheroesliveadventure-filledlivesthataredrivenbycourageandlimitedbyfear•Theyhideasensitiveheartunderatoughexterior•“Graceunderpressure”istheirmotto•HisheroesarehemmedinbyforcesbeyondtheircontrolDefinitionofCodeHero•HemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroasamanwholivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful.•TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.IntheendtheCodeHerowilllosebecauseweareallmortal,butthetruemeasureishowapersonfacesdeath.•TheCodebelievesinNada,aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnoafterlife.Codehero•The“HemingwayCode”ofmanhooddoesnotinvolvemerephysicalstrength,sexualpotency,orabilitytoaccumulate(orspend)wealth.•Accordingtothiscode,amanisdefinedbywill,pride,andendurance:theendurancetoacceptpain,evenloss-whenthelosscannotbeavoided;theprideofknowingthatonehasdoneone'sbest,withthecouragetoacttrulyaccordingtoone'sownnature;andthewilltofacedefeatorvictorywithoutwhiningononehandorboastingontheother.ExamplesofHemingwaycodehero:FrederickHenryinAFarewelltoArmsRobertJordaninForWhomtheBellTollsSntiagoinTheOldManandtheSea•2.War:Violent,meaningless,chaotic,purposelessslaughter;•3.Death;•4.Love;(asaresponsetothehorrorsofwarandtheworld:HenryandCatherine)•5.Fishing,Boxing,Bullfighting,Drinking…•Thenovelistwaswidelyquotedassaying,Mywritingisnothing.Myboxingiseverything.Wringstyle–Simplicity,economyofexpression•Diction:concrete,specific,commonlyfound,Anglo-Saxon,casualandconversationalwords,withfewadverbsoradjectives•Syntax:short,simplesentences,whichareorderlyandpatterned,conversationalandsometimesungrammatical.–Anearstream-of-consciousnessnarrationandinteriormonologue.–Understatementandomission(IcebergTheory)“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eightsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminateanditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesn’tshow.”“Isometimesthinkthatmystyleissuggestiveratherthandirect.Thereadermustoftenusehisimaginationorlosethemostsubtlepartofmythoug