初中英语词性和句子成分

英语词性&句子的成分词性根据词的特点我们把词划分为名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。名词表示人和事物的名称。问题matter胃痛stomach体温temperature牙痛toothache鼻出血nosebleed风险risk状况situation决定decision重要性importance控制control感觉feeling满足satisfaction高兴joy不同difference困难difficulty杂乱mess公正fairness独立independence舒适comfort浪费waste动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。Lie,hurt,bandage,breathe,press,borrow,lend,hate,waste,depend,developdrop,躺着、伤害、包扎、呼吸、压，借进，借出，仇恨、浪费、依靠、发展、掉下介词介:在两者当中,例如，介于两山之间。atinonnearnexttobeforebehindinfrontof(go)toschool形容词表示事物的形状、性质、颜色、状态等。Sore,strong,broken,disabled,different,blindDeaf,excited,exciting,surprised,surprising,ill,fair,unfair,clean,tidy,tired,comfortable,uncomfortable,代词能代替实词和短语。我你他我们你们他们咱们别人谁那儿那里那会儿这样那样Iyouhe/sheitweyoutheymeyouhim/heritusyouthemmyyourhis/heritsouryourtheirMineyourshis/hersitsoursyourstheirswhowhatwhichwhosethatthisthosethese副词总是用在动词后面、形容词前面做状语。very/pretty(good)really(cold)(run)fast(speak)loudly(work)hardHerepliedangrily.Itisprettycleanandtidy.Couldyoupleasereaditloudly?组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。简单句和复杂句。简单句是由一个句子组成。复杂句，由两个或两个以上的句子组成。表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词和短语等充当。主语Ihaveacold.Doingchoresisawasteoftime.Agirlwithtwobigeyesismysister.ThestudentwhoisusedtobeinglateinclassisFanghailin.1.名词作主语：Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.2.代词作主语：Welikeourschoolverymuch.3.数词作主语：Twoplustwoisfour.4.动名词(短语）作主语：Doingchoresisnecessaryforchildren.5.动词不定式作主语：Todosuchajobneedsabetterknowledge.6.从句作主语：Whatyousaidisabsolutelywrong.Iamtired.Itisprettycleanandtidy.Ihaveastomachache谓语说明主语的动作（做什么），状态或特征（是什么或怎么样）。Youshouldliedownandrest.IhurtmyselfwhenIplayedbasketballyesterday.宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。Youshoulddrinksomehotteawithhoney.I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom.1.名词作宾语Sheisplayingthepianonow.2.代词作宾语Wealllikehim.3.数词作宾语Givemefive.4.不定式作宾语Weallliketogotoschool.5.宾语从句作宾语Ithinkheisright.6.直接宾语和间接宾语Myparentsboughtmeacomputer.(me为间接宾语，computer为直接宾语）表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。MymotherisanEnglishteacher.IamsurprisedwhenIhearthenews.Thenewsissurprising.Tedhasacutecat.Tedisacuteboy.Ted=Ted=?宾语表示动作、行为的对象。表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。表语1.名词作表语Chinaisabigcountry.2.代词作表语Whatisthematter?3.形容词作表语Itisred.4.数词作表语Fiveandfourisnine.表语6.副词作表语Thesunisup.7.不定式作表语Herwishistobecomeateacher.8.表语从句作表语Thisiswhathesaid.定语用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词和短语。Tedhasacutecat.（形容词作定语）What’syourname?（代词作定语）Shelikesactionmovies.（名词作定语）Peelthreebananas.（数词作定语）That’sofgreatimportance(=important).Theboythereneedsapen.(副词作定语）TheboyinblueisTom.(介词短语作定语）Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen(不定式作定语）Thesmilingboyneedsapen.(分词或分词短语作定语）Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.(从句作定语）状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。Peopleareallworkinghard.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.Hehelpedherwithoutthinkingtwice.介词短语做状语句子的常用的结构：（简单句和复合从句）主谓宾Ihaveatoothache.I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?主系表It’sprettycleanandtidy.主谓结构Herunquickly.Theylistenedcarefully.Myinkhasrunout.简单句句子的常用的结构：（简单句和复合从句）复合从句（下节课再讲）英语词汇记忆策略一、利用图片或大脑表象生成直观记忆二：单词形象化记忆三、利用英语语境记忆词汇四、单词词性记忆方法：（联想记忆法）importantimportancedifferentdifferencefairfairnessunfairunfairnessillillnesshappyhappinessprobableprobabilityableabilitysimilarsimilarityjoyjoyfuldangerdangerousvigorvigorous五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词反义词：cheapdear,expensiveeasydifficultcleverstupidhandsomeugly五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词同义词：RepairfixupTakeafterbesimilartoPrettygood-looking五、英语同义词、反义词、形似词形似词；blood血bleed流血rise升起raise募捐六、构词法复合词：after-schoolgood-lookinggirlfriendboyfriendbackacheheadachestomachachetoothache六、构词法加前缀：fair-unfair,able-unable,comfort-uncomfort六、构词法加后缀：ill-illnesshappy-happinessjoy-joyfulbeauty-beautifulcomfort-comfortable,different-differenceimportant-importance七、词义范畴（联想记忆法）fruit(apple,pear,banana,watermelon….)Sport(basketball,football,swimming……)八、对比+形象记忆法Lookat看着lookahead向前看、着眼未来Lookover仔细查看lookaround四处看看Lookafter照顾lookinto调查Looklike看起来像lookon旁观Lookfor寻找lookout小心Lookdown轻视、看不起lookthrough浏览Lookup抬头看lookback回头看、回顾九、通过读音记忆单词Congradulation[kən,grætʃu’leɪʃn]dictionary[‘dɪkʃəneri]十、编歌诀：In段On天At时间点OnApril,26,2016InApril,2016生活中见到的英文标志：floorparkingDoityourselfWaterclosetPlayerkillingVeryimportantpersonChiefexecutiveofficer用英语思维找到适合自己的学习方法！拼写比赛：规则：1、规定时间5分钟。2、规定项目（名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词）（抽签决定）。3、小组接力（在举手许可后接续上一位同学继续比赛。4、时间结束后，单词个数多的组获胜5、奖励，获胜组获得一次决定权，决定失利组的惩罚方式（如：失利组集体表演个小节目，失利组集体做俯卧撑2次，或某组员代表出演个小节目）猜词游戏：规则：1、一名组员表演（通过动作、英文释义，表情、英语描述等）所有组员猜英语单词2、时间：5分钟，猜多者胜3、奖励，获胜组获得一次决定权，决定失利组的惩罚方式（如：失利组集体表演个小节目，失利组集体做俯卧撑2次，或某组员代表出演个小节目）acoldhaveIClasstestyouCouldroomcleanyourplease?主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语Ihaveacold.ClasstestCouldyoupleasecleanyourroom?主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语roomThetidecleanandisClasstestrepliedSheangrily.主语谓语表语主语谓语状语Theroomiscleanandtidy.ClasstestSherepliedangrily.主语谓语表语主语谓语状语