限制与扩张_我国证人资格制度之历史嬗变

:1008-4355(2006)03-0128-08:2005-05-16:(1974-),,,限制与扩张:我国证人资格制度之历史嬗变张友好(四川大学法学院,四川成都610065):除传统之亲不为证!外,我国古代对证人资格殊少限制,只是到了唐代,才将证人自身之作证能力纳入到了证人适格的考察范围近代以来,受认识深化和外来文化的影响,并基于政策性可靠性客观性和公正性等因素的考量,关于证人资格的规定变化很大,实现了从重在证人的适格性审查到证言的真实性审查从单向容隐到同居相隐再到特权容隐从道德义务到法律义务再到道德义务和法律权利的结合体等几个转变:证人资格;亲不为证;演进规律:DF713:A!,,!∀,,,,,,,,,!;,!,,,!!,,:,,,,?,,,![1],!::#,∃:#,,,∃![2],,,!:,%%![3]:,()%%,!,,()![4],,,!,!,,&,12820060683JournalofSWUPLVol8No.3Jun.,2006∀&,:,,,;,,;,,,;,,(.[M].:,1992.589.),(.[J].,2006.3)!,,!,!,!:,,,,,,?,,,![5],,:,!,!,![6],,,,∋(474,,,,,!,:,,,!,∋(:,!,,,∀,:,!,,,:%%,,,![7],,!,,,,!&∋(:,,,,,%%![8],!!,!:,,%%,,;,!,,,,![9],,:,,,![10]:,,,!,,![11]!,!,,,?,,:,%%![12]:,,,,%%![13],,[14],;,;,;,;![15],,%%![16],!,,,129张友好:限制与扩张:我国证人资格制度之历史嬗变∀&,,,,,,:;(∋(464445.),∀,,19,:(),,80,10,,∋(,:;;[17](241)1907∋(,:;;[18](77)∋(364:,374:,:,15;,;,%%∋(,,,1914∋(:,:;;;[19](25),,,,,,,[20],,,,(),,,,:,,,,,,()26940:,,,,!,,,,;,,,,[22],,,![23]()223992:,,!,;,,,,()!,,,,∋(130西南政法大学学报∀,,;,,,,,!,∋(,:,;,!,,;,!,,,,,,,![24],∋(∋(,!:,,,;,;,,,;,,,[25](386-389),,!,,∋(:,,;;[26](105),,,!,(∋(),,,;,,,,,,,!,!(),,!,!,!,,,,,!,,,(∋(∋(),1911∋(:,,:,,,∋(:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,131张友好:限制与扩张:我国证人资格制度之历史嬗变,,,,,,,,,:(),,,,,,,,,,,,[27]!,∀,,!,(80,10)()(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,()!,,,,,!:,,,![28],,[29];,[30],!,!,,,,,,!,,∋(!:,,,,%%,!:(),,,!!!,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,![31],,132西南政法大学学报∀,;,,,∋(∋(:,,,!,,,:,,;,,!;:,;,!(...),!(∋(364),,,,(),,!,,,!,,,!,!,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,:,,,%%,,,,![32],!:,:#∃:#,,,,,,,,,∃![33]),,,:,,!,,,,!!,,;,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,))),,,(),,∀,,,![34],,,:,,133张友好:限制与扩张:我国证人资格制度之历史嬗变∀,,,,,,,,(.[J].,2001(6).),,!,,,,,,,,∋(242:,:,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,!,(),,,!,,(∋(∋(),,,!,,,,,!,,,,,!(),,,∀,?,,,!,,,,,()223992:,,!(),,,,!,,,,,,,:[1][M].[2][M].[3][M].[4][28].[M].:,1978267-268;196.[5][M].[6].![J].,1997,(3):87-104.[7][8].[M]..:,1983431;550.[9].[M].:,1989262-264,983.[10][M].[11][M].:,1903.721.[12][M].[13][M].[14].[M].:,1999.84.[15][M].[16][34].[M].:,200098;99.[17][21][Z].[18][Z].[19][Z].[20][27].[M].:,193670;70.[22].[M].:,,1936.422.[23]()29[Z].134西南政法大学学报∀,,;,[24].()[M].:,2004104;122.[25][Z].[26][Z].[26][29][M].[30][M].[31].[M].:,,1906.100[32][33].[M].:,199736-37.RestrictionandRelaxation:TheHistoryofCompetenceofaWitnessinChinaZHANGYouhao(SichuanUniversity,CichuanChengdu610065,China)Abstract:InancientChina,rarerestrictionwasimposedontheeligibilityofawitnessexceptforthetraditionalprinciplethatrelativeswerenotqualifiedforgivingtestimony.!NotuntiltheTangDynastydidpeoplebegantoconsiderthecompetenceofwitnesswhileobservingtheproprietyofawitness.Influencedbyforeigncultureandripenedcognition,andinconsiderationofrelevantpolicies,reliability,objectivityandfairness,provisionsconcerningthecompetenceofawitnessinmoderntimeshavechangedagreatdea.lThefocalpointhasturnedfromtheproprietyofawitnesstotheauthenticityoftestimony,fromtheprinciplethatfamilymembersmaybeallowednottodiscloseinformationagainsteachothertotheprinciplethatcohabitatedmembershavetherightnottoturninformeragainsteachother,thentotheprinciplethatsomeprivilegedpersonsmaynottestifyaboutconfidentialcommunications,andfrommoralobligationstolegalobligations,andthentothecombinationoflegalrightsandmoralobligations.Keywords:competenceofwitness;relativeswerenoteligibleforwitness;rulesofevolution:唐力135张友好:限制与扩张:我国证人资格制度之历史嬗变