被动语态课件讲解

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。(一)主动语态变被动语态的方法:1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。be+done(二)被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化时态构成一般现在时am/is/are＋done一般过去时was/were＋done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done一般将来时will/shall/begoingto＋be＋done现在完成时has/have＋been＋done含情态动词can/must/should/may...＋be＋done1.被动语态的各种时态[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspoken一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.waslookedfor一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentup一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebegoingto+be+done[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuilt现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done[5].Flowers____everyday.A.hasbeenwateredB.shouldbewateredC.shouldwater含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+doneOralpractice--1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:1)Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．•Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．•Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．•Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．•TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．•Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．•Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．7)Weshouldprotecttheearth．8)Youneedtopaintthewall．•Theearthshouldbeprotected．•Thewallneedstobepainted．(三)何时使用被动语态？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina是被Paul叫来的。TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知…Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…主动变被动的特殊结构1.含有双宾语的主动句(givepass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).2.谓语动词含有介词的主动句Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.他们从不听他的话。2.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.1.Heboughtherawatch.Awatchwasboughtforher(byhim).Shewasboughtawatch(byhim).Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.Hemademedothework3.feel,listento,hear,make,let,have,see,watch,notice,lookat等动词/短语不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.HeisoftenheardtoplaytheguitarWeoftenhearhimplaytheguitarIsawhimfalloffthetreeHewasseentofalloffthetree•Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…•PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:•Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writes•Thiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词（vi.)如:begin,open,start,end,stop,happen,takeplace,…主动形式表示被动意义：(表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：write,sell,wash,run,…Thebooks____well．A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义作“需要”讲的need：needtobedone或needdoingYourjacketneedstobewashed.Yourjacketneedswashing.beworthdoing值得做某事Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.4.动名词主动形式表示被动意义1.ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary____forthebus.A.waitedB.waitsC.waswaitingD.waswaited2.Abigpowerstation()______inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding3.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespokenCBDD5.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofD.mustbetakengoodcareof8.GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun___Fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.riseC.risesD.isrisenBADC9.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered10.__Ithinktheshop_____________.__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.A.AskedB.willbeaskedC.closed;closesD.closes;isclosed11.ThisbikeismadeinAmerica.It’s____fortravelling.A.useB.usingC.touseD.usedDDD12.Thekey__forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use13.Anewschool__overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt14.Hewasmade__yesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.tobecried15.ThePRC__onOctober1,1949.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfounded16.AtalkonChinesehistory__intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveBBBCC