if条件虚拟句

LessonSevenIF引导的虚拟语气句的句式时间谓语动词的虚拟形式从句主句现在动词过去式（be多用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来动词过去式或should/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形★Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。★Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。与现在事实相反的虚拟★Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。★Ifhehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。与过去事实相反的虚拟Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweekIfitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了，我会再试一次。与将来事实相反的虚拟（一）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。1.Withoutelectricity,humanlife______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she______somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaidWithoutelectricity=Iftherewerenoelectricitywithout,but,butfor,butthat引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟1)Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.2)Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。3)Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.要不是害怕，她会拒绝的。4)Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butIambusynow.5)Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.6)Iambusynow,otherwise/orIwouldhelpyou.（二）、时间错综句从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.1.Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,it______now.A.wouldn’tdieB.isdeadC.hadbeendeadD.willnotdie2.Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,he______TVnow.A.wouldwatchB.wouldhavewatchedC.wouldbewatchingD.iswatching1)Ifhe______drunk,hewouldn'thavelostcontrolofthecar.A.wasn'tB.weren'tC.hasn'tbeenD.hadn'tbeen2)Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad3)____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone4)IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave5)Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow6)___,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.Ihadbeenyou7)Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed（三）、虚实错综句所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。1.They______earlier,butthecarwasn’tready.A.canhaveleftB.mayhaveleftC.willhaveleftD.mighthaveleft2.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.—Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe非真实条件句（四级真题）:48.He___unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.A.mayhaveactedB.musthaveactedC.shouldactD.wouldact51.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were54.______ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she____muchbetterresultsnow.A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget60.Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe______toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.A.hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave49.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe43.Ifyourcar____anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed