语法专题三代词代词是用来代替名词或名词作用的短语,大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词按意义、特征及语法功能可分为八类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词。代词的常考点如下:1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。但在下列情况也用宾格:①在be后作表语。②在单独使用或带not的简略回答中。③在感叹疑问句中做主语,以引起强调。④在下列之类的祈使句中:He’sgottorepaythemoney—poorhim.他得偿还这笔钱——可怜的他呀!2.形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用后置定语,但不能作定语。3.反身代词在句中可以作enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce等动词和by,for,to等介词的宾语,还可以作主语或宾语的同位语,可译作“亲自,本人”,但不能作主语。4.指示词有this,that,these,those等。注意以下4点:(1)this,these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that,those是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用。(2)指上文提到的事一般用that,有时也用this,指下文的事只能用this。(3)打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用I或you。(4)this和that还可用做副词表示程度,意为“如此,那么”,相当于so,作状语。5.疑问代词what除可用来询问人的身份外,一般指物;which可指人也可指物;who,whom,whose一般指人。没有一定的范围时,用what,意为“什么”;有一定范围时,用which,意为“(其中的)哪一个”。6.表示两者“都”用both,表示两者“都不”用neither,表示两者中的“任一”用either。表示多者“都”用all,表示多者“都不”用none,表示多者中的“任一”用any。none可指人或物,一般要接表示范围的of短语,可回答howmany;而noone只能指人(=nobody),不能接of短语,可回答who。另外,none可指后文的不可数名词,表示“毫无”。7.some,any的用法:表示“一些”,一般说来,肯定句中some,否定句中用any;但在表示请求、建议,劝请或希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中用some。8.each,every的用法:every只能作形容词,在名词前作定语;each可作形容词也可用代词,可作主语、宾语和同位语。表示“每隔”用every,不用each。如everythreedays每三天,everythirdday每逢第三天,everyotherday每隔一天,everythreemeters每(隔)三米,everythreeminutes每(隔)三分钟。9.(a)little,(a)few,abit的用法alittle和little修饰或代替不可数名词,与much相对,表示“少”;afew和few修饰或代替可数名词与many相对,表示“少”。alittle和afew含肯定语气,little和few含否定语气。一般说来,在only,just,still,quite,cannot等词后用alittle或afew;在very,so,some,the,no等词后用little或few。10.替代词it,that,(the)one(s),those的用法(1)it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,都是特指,但it指前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。(2)one替代“a+单数可数名词”,表示泛指。特指的theone相当于that;theone复数形式theones,在口语中也常用those代替;当后面有of短语时,一般用that或those,当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s),如theredone。one(s),theone(s),those,that都是替代“同类”事物,其中只有that可替代不可数名词。11.another,(the)other(s),else;therest的用法:(1)another或“another+单数可数名词”泛指“另一个,又一个,再一个”,其复数形式是others或“other+复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”,有some...others(一些……另一些……)之搭配。(2)theother(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个,常有one...theother“一个……另一个……”的搭配;其复数形式theothers或“theother+复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”;“剩下的”人或物。(3)another还可用于“another+基数词或few+复数名词”中,与“数词或some+more/other+复数名词”相当。(4)注意下列固定用法:otherthan“除……外”,eachother,oneanother“相互”,oneafteranother“一个接一个地”,anyother+单数名词“别的/其他的任何一个”。(5)else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。(6)therest既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词。而another,other,others,theother(s)只能代替可数名词。1.(2009·陕西)Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn’tanswer______ofthem.A.otherB.anyC.noneD.some2.(2009·湖南)MostAmericanswouldprefertokeeptheirproblems______themselves,andsolvetheirproblems______themselves.A.to;byB.by;toC.for;toD.in;on3.(2009·山东)IfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tface______daylikethat.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others4.(2009·全国Ⅱ)TheCDsareonsale!Buyoneandyouget______completelyfree.A.otherB.othersC.oneD.ones5.(2009·全国Ⅱ)Charleswasaloneathome,with______lookingafterhim.A.someoneB.anyoneC.notoneD.noone6.(2009·江苏)Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith______oftheirparents.A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that7.(2009·辽宁)______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.A.SuchB.ThisC.ThatD.So8.(2009·福建)—Yourmumisverykind.—Yeah.Mymumisprettyconsiderate,youknowwhat______,shealwaysarrangeseverythingaroundme.A.shemeansB.youmeanC.ImeanD.wemean9.(2009·北京)Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith______extrastress.A.itB.themC.oneD.him10.(2009·全国Ⅰ)Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas______ofpublichealth.A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which11.(2009·重庆)Overthepast20years,theInternethashelpedchangeourworldin______wayoranotherforthebetter.A.anyB.oneC.everyD.either12.(2009·四川)Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy______.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that13.(2009·南京调研)Thefinancialcrisisandthesuffering______hascausedhaveagreatinfluenceonthewholeworld.A.theyB.whichC.itD.what14.(2009·扬州调研)JamesCookwasastrictcaptain,but______allthesailorsontheshipshowedrespectfor.A.thatB.theoneC.whoD.one15.(2009·烟台检测)—Does______pleaseyoutogivegiftstoothers?—Sure.A.itB.thatC.oneD.he16.(2009·宁波教学检测)Thechairmanthought______necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him17.(2009·宁波教学检测)—Doyouhave______fortheparty,Mary?—No,westillhavetogetanotherfivechairsandsomefreshflowers.A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing18.(2009·杭州教学检测)Iadmiredthepainting,andTedsaidhewouldlikemetohave______asagiftforhim.A.oneB.itC.thisD.some19.(2009·合肥教学检测)Tosomepeoplelifeisenjoyable,whileto______itissuffering.A.onesB.othersC.thoseD.another20.(2009·西城区抽样)Themanhadexpectedtoseeallhisrelativeswheninhospital,but______cametoseehimwhilemanyofhisfriendsofferedhimtheirhelp.A.noneB.nooneC.someoneD.anyone21.(2009·石家庄毕业班教学检测)We’vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven’tfound______welikeyet.A.itB.themC.thatD.one22.(2009·重庆联合诊断)—Who’sknockingatthedoor?—Maybe______wantingtosellsomenewproduct.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobody23.(2009·江西重点中学协作体联考)—TheremustbeadozenhandsinthishousebutIcanneverfindonewhenIneedit.—Bepatient.______issuretoturnup.A.OneB.ItC.ThisD.That24.(2009·金丽衢十二校联考)LeiFengisahero,______,Ithink,whowi