美国浪漫主义Emily-Dickinson-and-Walt-Whitman

AmericanRomanticismEmilyDickinsonWaltWhitmanAmericanRomanticismTheBelleofAmherstEmilyDickinson(1830-1886)I.BiographyBornDecember10,1830inAmherst,MA.EducatedatAmherstAcademy.At17,begancollegeatMountHolyokeFemaleSeminary;shebecameillthespringofherfirstyearanddidnotreturn.Shewouldleavehomeonlyforshorttripsfortheremainderofherlife,leadingscholarstospeculateshemayhavebeenagoraphobic.EmilyDickinsonBornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.EmilyDickinsonDickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransformedherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforself-sovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?–A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.–B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.–C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.–D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson’stime.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?–A.Refusingtoeat.B.Wearingonlywhite.–C.Avoidingvisitors.D.Stayinginherroom.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally____.–A.criticizedmostofherpoems–B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility–C.seenherlifeinromanticterms–D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivitiesTheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson’sseclusionto____.–A.physicalillness–B.afailedloveaffair–C.religiousfervor–D.herdislikeofpeopleItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby____.–A.strongPuritanbeliefs–B.equalityofmenandwomen–C.theencouragementofnonconformity–D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativityPosthumousPublicationAfterherdeath,herpoemswereheavilyeditedandpublishedbyHigginsonandfriendMabelLoomisTodd.ThomasJohnsonproducedacollectionofDickinson’smorethan1700poemsinthreevolumesin1955;herestoredheroriginalcapitalizationandpunctuation.Thisismylettertotheworld,Thatneverwrotetome,--ThesimplenewsthatNaturetold,Withtendermajesty.HermessageiscommittedTohandsIcannotsee;Forloveofher,sweetcountrymen,Judgetenderlyofme!---EmilyDickson“IfIreadabook[and]itmakesmywholebodysocoldnofireevercanwarmmeIknowthatispoetry.IfIfeelphysicallyasifthetopofmyheadweretakenoff,Iknowthatispoetry.”-EmilyDickinsonMajorWorksBecauseICouldNotStopforDeathIHeardaFlyBuzz-WhenIDiedMyLifeClosedTwicebeforeItsCloseIDiedforBeauty-butWasScarceI’mNobody!Dickinson’sPoetry,ReflectingHerExperience,Education,SocietyandHerAgea.Shehadatendencytolookinwardly.b.Shehadanuneasybalanceoffaithandskepticism.c.Shehasasenseofboththeinherentbeautyandthefrighteningcoldnessoftheworld.d.Shebelievesintheunityofbeauty,truthandgoodness.Dickinson’sPoetrytellingimages,suggestiveandconnotative,sometimesincomprehensible;asevereeconomyofexpression;directandplainwords(Anglo-Saxonorigin),simplesyntax;faultygrammar;noregularrhythm;unusualuseofpunctuationmarks.A.FeaturesB.ThematicConcernsofDickinson:A.DeathandImmortality712,“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”465,“IHeardaFlybuzz—whenIdied—”B.Nature986,“AnarrowFellowintheGrass”C.UnityofGoodness,TruthandBeauty449,“IdiedforBeauty—butwasscarce”D.OtherSubjects249“WildNights---WildNights”Dickinson’sLegacyDickinsonisconsideredinfluentialtopoetssuchasAdrienneRich,RichardWilbur,ArchibaldMacLeish,andWilliamStafford.AlongwithWaltWhitman,DickinsonisoneofthetwogiantsofAmericanpoetryofthe19thcentury.“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath–Hekindlystoppedforme–TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves–AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove–HeknewnohasteAndIhadputawayMylaborandmyleisuretoo,ForHisCivility–WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess–intheRing–WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain–WepassedtheSettingSun–因为我不能停步等候死神他便停车来接我——四轮马车里只有我们俩——还有永生伴征程。我们缓缓而行，他显得格外从容——我也抛开劳作和闲暇，因为他是如此殷情陪送——我们经过学校，那是课间休息时刻——在操场上——孩子们正玩着竞争游戏——我们经过注目凝视的稻谷田地—我们经过正在西沉的太阳——Orrather–Hepassedus–TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill–ForonlyGossamer,myGown–MyTippet–onlyTulle–WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemedASwellingoftheGround–TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible–TheCornice–intheGround–Sincethen–'tisCenturies–andyetFeelsshorterthantheDayIfirstsurmisedtheHorses'HeadsWeretowardEternity