中考英语总复习：冠词、数词

中考英语总复习：冠词、数词冠词1.种类：（1）不定冠词：a/anaunit/anuncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/（2）定冠词：thetheeggtheplane2.用法:不定冠词用法；（1）用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。（2）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里边一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，（3）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。（4.）固定搭配。alotOf,alot,alittle,afew,aglassOf,sucha／an,haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,enYuanakilo定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或物。（2）指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。（3）用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。（4）用在序数词前。（5）用在世界上独一无二的事物前（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。（6）用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。therich（富人）,thepoor（穷人）,thedeaf（聋人）,theblind（盲人）,thedead（死者）,thewounded（伤员）（7）用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。（8）用在乐器前。（9）用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。.Inthe1970s,（10）用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。theUnitedNations,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,intheend,intheday,inthemiddleOf,llthetime,intheeast,bytheway,OnthewaytO,the（more）……the（more）…“越…越…”不用冠词的情况：（1）名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。（2）名词前有物主代词my,your,hisher,their等时不用冠词。（3）名词前有whose,which,,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。（4）复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.（5）物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。eg.Snowiswhite.（6）抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。eg.Doesshelikemusic？（7）在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。eg.playbasketball／soccer／chess（8）在三餐前不用冠词。eg.havebreakfast／lunch／supper／dinner（9）在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。（10）在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。（11）在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。eg.atnoon,atwork,athome,bybus,byair,Onfoot,frommorningtillnight,atnight,gOtOschool,gotobed,atlast在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。inhospital（在住院）；inthehospital（在医院）inprison（在坐牢）；intheprison（在监狱里）attable（吃饭,用餐）；atthetable（在桌旁）infrontof（在某个范围之外的前面）；inthefrontof（在某个范围之外的前面）gotocollege（上大学）；gotothecollege（去那所大学）takeplace（发生）；taketheplace（代替）习题：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划×。1.Tomorrowis______Teachers'Dayandwe'llmake______cardforourEnglishteacher.2.Thebusisrunningaboutseventymiles_____hour.3.Maryisinterestedin______science.4.Somepeopledon'tliketotalkat______table.5.LastnightIwentto______bedverylate.6.Don'tworry.Westillhave______littletimeleft.7.What______beautifulday!Andwhat______fineweather!8In______winteritiscoldin______Beijingandwarmin________Shanghai.9.Johnis______cleverestboyinhisclass.10.Wecan'tlivewithout______wateror______air.11.TomorrowMr.SmithwillleaveParis,______capitalof______France,forWashingtonby______air.12.Wewerehaving______lunchwhentheycamein.13.Thisis______bookyougavemelastweek.14.Whatdidyoudo______lastSaturday?15.March8is______Women'sDay.16.If______weatherisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.17.Ipreferplaying______pianotoplaying______basketball.18.At______ageoffive,hereadalotofbooks.19.TomandLucyareof______sameage.20.______harderwestudy,______morewelearn.21．Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall．22．Thisis_______usefulbook．I'vereaditfor_______hour．23．_______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse．24．_______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day．25．Let'sgooutfor_______walk．26．It'stoohot．Open_______door，please．27．Thereis_______womanoverthere．_______womanisMeimei'smother．28．_______sunrisesin_______east．29．_______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China．30．Areyougoingtodoit_______secondtime？31．What_______importantnews！数词：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。一、基数词1）基数词写法和读法：345threehundredandforty-five；2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数：a.要注意的是hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法。①前面有别的基数词时，即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时，其本身都不要加s，如：threehundredstudents。②若表示成百，成千或数百，数千时，前面不能有基数词，但其本身要用复数形式，然后+of+名词复数。如：thousandsofstudents数千名学生b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里；如：Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两的到达了。c.表示几十岁；d.表示年代，用in+the+数词复数；e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3x5=15Threefivesis(are)fifteen.二、序数词其构成法如下：1规则的直接在基数词后加th，如：fourthfifthsixthseventhtentheleventhnineteenth整十的：twentieththirtiethfortieth不规则的则需要一一记忆因它们在考试中出现的频率很高：firsteighthninthtwelfth序数词的缩写形式：first---1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---31st三、数词的用法1）倍数表示法a.主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+as+adj.+asIhavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。b.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+thesize(amount，length…)of…Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。c.主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+than…Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。d.还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。2）分数表示法构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数：1/3one-third；3/37threeandthree-sevenths练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1、Mr.Blacklivesonthefloor.(six)2、Jackwillcomebackontheofnextmonth.(twenty-three)3、Autumnistheseasonoftheyear.(three)4、Theboyisverystrong.(seven)5、Summeristheseasonoftheyear.(two)6、Thestoryisveryinteresting.(one)7、Septemberisthemonthoftheyear.(nine)8、Thereareofworkersinafactory.(hundred)9、Whowasthetogetthere?(one)10、Ihavetwostamps.(hundred)二．句意选词()1.ThegovernmentofChongqingisbuilding_______cheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof.()2.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage______andlookatthe______picture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;five()3.----Doyouhaveenoughstudentstocleanthelaboratory?----No,Ithinkweneed______students.A.anotherB.towothersC.moretwoD.twomore()4.We’llhavea______holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two—dayC.two—daysD.two—days’(