12存储和搬运决策

12-1存储与搬运决策StorageandHandlingDecisionsChapter12“Perfectionisnotattainable,butifwechaseperfection,wecatchexcellence.”VinceLombardiCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-2产品计划三角形ProductinthePlanningTriangleCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.PLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransportStrategy•Transportfundamentals•TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals•Theproduct•Logisticsservice•Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy•Forecasting•Inventorydecisions•Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions•Storagefundamentals•StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy•Locationdecisions•Thenetworkplanningprocess计划组织控制TransportStrategy•Transportfundamentals•TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals•Theproduct•Logisticsservice•Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy•Forecasting•Inventorydecisions•Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions•Storagefundamentals•StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy•Locationdecisions•Thenetworkplanningprocess库存战略预测客户服务目标采购和供应时间决策存储基础知识存储决策产品物流服务订单管理和信息系统库存决策运输战略运输基础知识运输决策选址战略选址决策网络规划流程12-3Storage/HandlingDecisionsinInventoryStrategyPLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransportStrategy•Transportfundamentals•TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals•Theproduct•Logisticsservice•Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy•Forecasting•Inventorydecisions•Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions•Storagefundamentals•StoragedecisionsLocationStrategy•Locationdecisions•ThenetworkplanningprocessPLANNINGORGANIZINGCONTROLLINGTransportStrategy•Transportfundamentals•TransportdecisionsCustomerservicegoals•Theproduct•Logisticsservice•Ord.proc.&info.sys.InventoryStrategy•Forecasting•Inventorydecisions•Purchasingandsupplyschedulingdecisions•Storagefundamentals•Storage/handlingdecisionsLocationStrategy•Locationdecisions•ThenetworkplanningprocessCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-4存储决策StorageDecisions12.1选址SiteSelectionFindsaspecificrealestatesiteasastoragelocationWeightedchecklistisagoodapproach.Recall,FactorMarginalFactorsWeightsscoresscore125102919............124832Weightedscore28612-5StorageDecisions(Cont’d)SizingtheFacilityFrominventorypolicy,determinetheamountofinventorytobestored,thatis,spaceneededDeterminethefacility’sseasonaluseBalancetheuseofprivately-ownedspacewithrentedspace—amixedstrategyCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-612.2设计与运作规划12.2.1确定设施的规模简单地说，规模是指仓库建筑的总容积——长、宽和高。1.无趋势规模确定问题2.有趋势规模确定3.对规模确定方法的评述Spacerequirements,sq.ft.RentedspacePrivately-operatedspaceTimeMixedStrategyforWarehouseSpaceNeedforsomespaceisseasonalCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-512-8PRIVATELYOPERATEDRENTEDMonthWarehouseThroughput,lb.SpaceRequire-ments,sq.ft.PrivateAllo-cationMonthlyFixedCostMonthlyVariableCostRentedAllo-cationMonthlyStorageCostMonthlyHandlingCostMonthlyCostJan.66,5001,979100%$22,500a$3,325b0%$0$0$25,825Feb.328,0009,76210022,50016,40000038,900Mar.1,048,50031,20510022,50052,42500074,925Apr.2,141,00063,72094c22,500100,627d64,282e8,992f136,401May2,820,00083,9297122,500100,1102927,26057,246207,116June2,395,00071,2808422,500100,5901612,77326,824162,687July1,303,00038,78010022,50065,15000087,650Aug.460,90013,71710022,50023,04500045,545Sept.99,9002,97310022,5004,99500027,495Oct.15,30045510022,50076500023,265Nov.302,2008,99410022,50015,11000037,610Dec.556,70016,56810022,50027,83500050,335Totals11,537,000$270,000$510,377$44,315$93,062$917,754a[90,000+(360,000)]/12=$22,500.b66,5000.05=$3,325.c60,000/63,720=0.94.d2,141,0000.940.05=$100,627.eGivenamonthlyturnoverratioof3and6%ofthedemandthroughtherentedwarehouse,then[(2,141,0000.06)/3]0.1=$4,282.f2,141,0000.060.07=$8,992.DeterminationofaMixedWarehouseStrategyfora60,000sq.ft.Privately-OperatedWarehousePrivatespaceexceededCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-9设备配置•配置在一个高吞吐量的设备中影响处理成本，但不重要•正方形或长方形的形状是最好的。L形的设计差，除非使用输送机。•对高吞吐量的设施单层设计是流行的，并且土地成本不太高12-10StorageDecisions(Cont’d)FacilityConfigurationConfigurationaffectshandlingcostsinahighthroughputfacility,butlessimportantotherwiseSquareorrectangularshapesarebest.L-shapeddesignsarepoorunlessconveyorsareused.Single-storydesignsarepopularforhighthroughputfacilitiesandlandcostsarenotprohibitivelyhighCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-11空间布局在建筑物中配置储物架和过道空间布局影响建筑规模和尺寸站台布置由建筑物的侧边和需要的卡车数量决定12-12StorageDecisions(Cont’d)SpaceLayoutConfigurationofracksandaislesinthebuildingSpacelayoutaffectsbuildingdimensionsandsizeDockDesignDeterminedbythenumberofrailcarsalongthesideofabuildingorthenumberoftruckstallsneededCR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-13设施评价FacilityEvaluation假设圣路易斯的某仓库考虑降低制造商和顾客之间的运输成本。目前的出货量直接来自纽约的制造商。在仓库有10美元/担的处理成本。DirectshipmentsManufacturerCustomerShippingvolume,lb.Transportrate,$/cwt.Transportcost,$NewYorkBoston10,00017.42$1,742NewYorkCleveland12,00024.122,894NewYorkDallas8,00052.214,177NewYorkSeattle10,00057.095,70940,000Total$14,522CR(2004)PrenticeHall,Inc.12-14设施评价FacilityEvaluationSupposeapoolpointatSt.Louisisbeingconsideredtolowertransportationcostsbetweenmanufactureranditscustomers.Shipmentscurrentlyaremadedirectlyfromthemanufacturer’sinventoryinNewYork.Thereisa$10/cwt.handlingchargeatthepoolpoint.DirectshipmentsManufacturerCustomerShippingvolume,lb.Transportrate,$/cwt.Transportcost,$NewYorkBoston10,00017.42$1,742N