(完整版)初中宾语从句讲解与练习

..初中宾语从句讲解与练习一、考点扫描中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2、宾语从句的语序；3、宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项选择、语法选择、完形填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。二、基本概念宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。E.g.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Theboywasinterestedinwhateverhesawhere.那孩子对在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.三、宾语从句的种类根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。四、用法详解1、引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择1）由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。1.Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.2.Shedoesn’tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.3.Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.2）由连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which和连接副词when，where，why，how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。典型例题典型例题..1.Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor？2.Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.3.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis？4.Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。1.Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.2.Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.2、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。1.Ihear（that）physicsisn’teasy.2.Ithink（that）youwilllikethisschoolsoon.3.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo？4.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.3、宾语从句的时态1、如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。1.Idon’tthink(that)youareright.2.Pleasetelluswhereheis.3.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2、如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。1.Heaskedwhattimeitwas.2.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.3.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.4.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3、如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。1.OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题..2.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.宾语从句连接词妙用一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。1.Shesaidthatshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。2.Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。1.Alicewantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmotherlikedthebag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。2.Idon'tknowwhetherhe'llcomethedayaftertomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来。但在下列情况下只能用whether：1.在具有选择意义,又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。1.Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。2.Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.(=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.)我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。3.Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我想知道我们是去还是留。2.在介词之后用whether。1.I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题..2.We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。3.在不定式前用whether。1.Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。2.Idon'tknowwhethertogo.我不知去否。3.Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4.whether置于句首时，不能换用if。Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否是真的我说不上来。5.引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。1.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。2.Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。6.若用if会产生歧义时，要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为：Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。1.Couldyoutellmewherewewillhavethemeetingthisafternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗？2.Idon'tknowwhoboughtthepresentforme.IsitJack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗？宾语从句巧记歌典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题..学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/weredoing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had+过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（woulddo;was/weregoingtodo）单项选择1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit2.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.why3.—Doyouknow________thenewmobilephonelastweek?--Maybe900yuan.I’mnotquitesure.A.howmuchshepaidforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor..4.MichaelJordanhasfailedoverandoveragaininhislife.Andthat’s____hesucceeds.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where5.AliceinWonderlandisafantasticmovie.It’sabout______.A.howdidAliceendtheRedQueen’sreignofterror（恐怖统治）B.whatdidAliceendtheRedQueen’sreignofterrorC.howAliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterrorD.whatAliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterror6.—Doyouknow________thegirlinredis?—I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what7.—Whatdidyourparentsthankaboutyourdecision?--Theyalwaysletmedo_______IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what8.Iwanttoknow________.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.--Wouldyoupleasetellme__________?--At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave10.—Couldyoutellme________?--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathyB.whereIcanmeetCathyC.whenIcanmeetCathy11.–Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?-I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how12.-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank________tothezoothisSundayifit________?-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine13.Noonecanbesure_________inamillionyears.A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwill