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宾语从句一、定义及种类定义：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。及物动词宾语：Idon’tknowwhathelikes.介词宾语：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherit’sacatoradog.形容词宾语：IamsorryIamlate.Iamgladthatyoucanjoinus.种类：根据不同的引导词分为三类：that引导：Hesaidthathewantedtostayathome.whether/if引导：Heaskedmewhether/if(是否)hecouldgo.特殊疑问词引导：CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?二、宾语从句——引导词、语序、时态1.引导词①由_______________引导Idon’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.that后加陈述语序，由陈述句变化而来。这里的that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。②由_______________引导（其意思是__________）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifshelikesZhengzhou.Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldhelphim.whether/if后加陈述语序，由一般疑问句转化而来。③由_______________引导Idon’tknowwhyhelovescrying.Heaskedwhowasthebest.Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?特殊疑问词后加陈述语序，由特殊疑问句转化而来。这些特疑问词(wh-/h-)分为连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how。他们在宾语从句中充当某个成分。趁热打铁：选择合适的引导词，没有引导词的需要自己填写1.Doyouknow_________elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?(who,that)2.Hedoesn’tknow_________hewilldoitwell.(if,who)3.Jimtoldme_________hedidn’tgofishingyesterday.(how,that,if)4.Iwasreallysurprisedat_________Isaw.(where,what,if)5.Doyouknow_________youarestudyingfor?(why,what,whether)6.—Doyouknow_________themanwithglassesis?—Areporter,Ithink.(who,what,whether,that)7.—Couldyoutellme_________hecamehere？—Hedroveherehimself．8.—Doesanyoneknow_________thefamouswriterwasborn？—Iknow!InZhengzhou,right？9.—Doyouknow_________heisgoingtostayinShenzhen？—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Maybeafewweeks,butI’mnotsure．10.—I’mnotsure_________therearelivingthingsonotherplanets．—Evenscientistsaren’tsureaboutit．2.语序宾语从句的语序都是__________语序①that引导的宾语从句：从句由陈述句转化而来，结构为：that+陈述语序TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesays.→HesaysthattheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertellsus.→Myteachertellsus_______________________________________.②whether/if引导的宾语从句：从句由一般疑问句转化而来，结构为：whether/if+陈述语序Isitgoodforourhealth?Sheasks.→Sheaskswhetheritisgoodforourhealth.Doeshelivethere?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknow__________________________________________.Cantheboyplaythepiano?Heasksme.→Heasksme____________________________________________.③特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：从句由特殊疑问句转化而来，结构为：wh-/h-+陈述语序Howoftendoessheexercise?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowhowoftensheexercises.Whyisthetrainlate?Doyouknow?→Doyouknow__________________________________________?Whataretheydoingforvacation?Jimasks.→Jimasks______________________________________________.Whocanswim?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknow___________________________________________.注意：当特殊疑问词作主语时，此时特殊疑问句为陈述语序，将它放在宾语从句中语序不变。特殊疑问词作主语的句子有：Whoissingingintheroom?/WhocanspeakEnglish?/Whowants…?Whosebikeisbroken?/Whosedressisthemostbeautiful?What’swrong?/What’sthematter?/What’sup?/Whathappened?3.时态①如果主句是现在的时态，如一般现在时、现在进行时等，宾语从句____________________即_______________Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.They’retalkingaboutwheretheywillgo.②如果主句是过去的时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时等，宾语从句____________________即_______________Shesaidthatshewasastudent.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.Theyweretalkingaboutwheretheywouldgo.③如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或一般事实，不论主句什么时态，从句时态都要用____________________即_______________OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.趁热打铁：把下面的句子变成宾语从句1.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow_________hestill_________inthatstreet.2.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow_________thewatch_________madeinShanghai.3.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_________theseflowers_________fromGuangdong.4.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_________they_________friedchicken.5.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_________light_________fasterthansound.6.What’shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat___________________________.7.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow___________________________hercar?8.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow__________________atthedoorsoloudly.9.Howmanypeoplecantheyseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_________________________________________inthepicture?10.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________________often_________about.三、宾语从句须注意1.以下情况不能省略that①当有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可省略第一个that，其他不能省略。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．②当it作形式宾语时Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．③当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．2.whether和if的用法whether/if意为“是否”，一般情况下可互换。whether则多用于比较正式的文体中，if多用于口语和非正式文体中。只用whether的3种情况：①在带to的动词不定式前Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.②在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.③直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.3.含宾语从句的复合句和简单句的转换I’venoideawhatI’mgoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?①主句主语和从句主语一致时，可以进行变化②主句的间接宾语和从句主语一致时，可以进行变化4.宾语从句的否定转移主句是第一人称，谓语动词是think/suppose/guess/believe/imagine/consider/expect等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。误：Ithinkchickenscannotswim.正：Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.5.宾语从句中的it动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有