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英语语言学期末预测及答案TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese:(0.5%×10=5%)1)affricate2)distinctivefeature3)parole4)generativegrammar5)bilingualism6)felicitycondition7)designfeature8)denotation9)labiodental10)linguisticrelativityTranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish:(0.5%×10=5%)11)人际功能12)真值条件13)女性语域14)音节划分15)结构主义16)社会语言学17)论元18)单元音19)衔接20)对比分析III.Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheanswersheet.(1%×20=20%)1).languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.culturalB.conventionalC.decodedD.vocal2).Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemouswordC.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove3).Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix“ed”intheword“learned”isknownasa(n)__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform4).Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite5).“Ipickedsometulips.”__________“Ipickedsomeflowers.”.A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith6).Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.X:Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?Y:Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7)“CanIborrowyourbike?”_____“Youhaveabike.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes8)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.A.synchronicB.historicC.diachronicD.descriptive9)Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage?A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.Alloftheabove10)Twoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobein___________.A.phonemiccontrastB.complementarydistributionC.minimalpairD.noneoftheabove11)Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof_________.A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental12)TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby_______in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.N.ChomskyC.F.SaussureD.M.A.K.Halliday13)Whichofthefollowingisacorrectdescriptionofreference?A.arelationshipbetweenanexpressionandotherexpressionswhichhavethesamemeaningB.thesetofallobjectswhichcanpotentiallybereferredtobyanexpressionC.arelationshipbetweenaparticularobjectintheworldandanexpressionusedinanutterancetopickoutthatobjectD.anintra-linguisticrelationshipbetweenlexicalitems14)Whatisfunctionofthesentence“Howdoyoudo’?A.DirectiveB.PhaticC.InformativeD.Evocative15)Inthefollowingsounds,________isacentralvowel.A./ә/B./u/C./æ/D./з/16)Whichofthefollowinglanguageshasthesyllabicwritingsystem?A.ChineseB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.French17)Whichdescriptionofthemeaningcomponentsoftheword“father”isright?A.[+human,+adult,-male]B.[+human,-adult,+male]C.[–human,+adult,-male]D.[+human,+adult,+male]18)Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contextC.formD.content19)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological,morphologicalandsyntacticsystemswhichare_______.A.rule-governedB.systematicC.arbitraryD.bothAandB20)“Hotdog”withthefirstsyllablestressedmeans_________.A.anoverheatedanimalB.akindoffoodC.abarkingdogD.adeaddogIV.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(15pts,1pointforeach)Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:(1%×15=15%)1)Animalcallsystemsarenotgeneticallytransmitted.2)AccordingtoN.Chomsky,“competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgeinutterance.3)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.4)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.5)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencespatternsofalanguage.6)Languagesdifferintheirselectionofcontrastivesounds.7)TheEnglishspellingexactlyrepresentsitspronunciation.8)Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.9)Accordingtosemantictriangle,thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent,i.e.betweenawordandathingitrefersto.10)Areferringexpressioncanbeusedtorefertononexistentthings.11)Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesaresemanticallywell-formed.12)Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbysemantics.13)Anillocutionaryactistheconsequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.14)Socialdialects,orsociolects,arevarietiesoflanguageusedbypeoplebelongingtoparticularsocialclasses.15)Thestructuraltestsfocusonthecommunicativeandlinguisticcompetence.V.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)1)Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabeledasa____________phonetics,auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.2)Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofspeechoverw_________.3)S_________studiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.4)C____________analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.5)Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”areh_____________.6)H.Sweetmadeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb_________transcription.7)Linguistics’foundthatitwouldbe