Positive-Impacts-of-Tourism

PositiveImpactsofTourismTourismisthoughtofasa“smokelessindustry”bymanynations.Itspositiveimpactsareself-evident.Economic.Worldwide,tourismislookeduponasasmokelessindustrywithstrongandstableeconomicimpactsonthehostareas.Itisviewedasthenewwaveofeconomicopportunityandispromotedheavilyforthisreasonalone.Itseffectmaybeimportantmerelyinasingleplace,suchasaresortinacountryotherwiseuntappedfortourism,inaregion,oreventhroughouttheentirenationaleconomy.Whateverthesizeoftheareaaffected,theeconomiceffectsoftourismcanbecategorizedintofourgroups:theeffectsonincome,onemployment,onthearea’sbalanceofpaymentswiththeoutsideworld,andoninvestmentanddevelopment.Incomeingeneralcomesfromwagesandsalaries,interest,rentandprofits.Inalabor-intensiveindustrysuchastourismthegreatestproportionislikelytobeinwagesandsalaries.Thetourismindustryisamajorproviderinemployment.Thecreationofemploymentfromtourismcanbeseenfromthejobsfoundintravelagencies,touroperatorsandotherintermediariessupplyingservicesinthegenerationareas.Thebulkofjobs,however,arecreatedinthetouristdestinationsthemselves,rangingfromhotelstafftodeck-chairattendants,fromexcursionbookingclerkstocleanersinthestatelyhomesopentothepublic.Intheareaofthegeneratingcountry’sbalanceofpayments,suchcountriesasBarbados,Fiji,andSpainwithgoodtourismfacilitiesbutlittleotherindustrialoragriculturalexportpotentialareheavilydependentonthecontributiontourismcanmaketotheirbalanceofpaymentsreceiptseitherbyattractingincomingtouristsfromtheoutsideworldorbykeepingtheirownresidentswithinthecountry.Theevidenceofthelasteconomiceffectoftourism,theeffectoninvestmentanddevelopmentcanbebestsummarizedintheacceleratorconcept:iftourismtoanareabooms,rapidsuccessandexpansionmayleadtoyetmoreinvestmentinbothtourismandotherindustriesinthatareabybusinessmenandgovernment.SocialandPersonal.Bothresearchandprofessionalopinionssupportthemanysocialandpersonalvaluesderivedfromtourism.Psychologistssuggestthatseveralneedsaresatisfiedbypleasuretravel.Theneedforachievementandself-actualizationmaybeexpressedincompetitivesportsonvacation.Theneedforaffiliationmaybesatisfiedbymotorcoachtoursoflikeinterestgroups.Theneedforintraceptionmayfinditsexpressioninvisitinghistoricsites,attendingfestivals,ormeetingwithresidenthosts.Andtheneedforsuccorancecanbesatisfiedbycompletetravelpackageswheremostactivities,foodservice,lodging,andtransportationarearrangedandprovidedbyothers.Dutyandbusinesstravelprovidesforthesocialandcommercialneedsofmanytravelers.Themanyseminars,conferences,meetings,andconventionscalledbymoreandmoreorganizationssatisfytheobjectivesofdirectcontactbetweenparticipants.Cross-culturalexchangeisprobablythegreatestsocialvalueoftourism.Seeingandexperiencinganotherregionorcountryexposesthetravelertodifferentpolitical,religiousandeconomicsystemsandtheexoticlife-styles.Sometouristsbecomesoattachedtoatravellocalethattheyfinallysettlethere.Unliketheeconomicbenefits,socialandpersonalbenefitscreatedbytravelaremostlyintangible.Yettheimportanceofsuchbenefitsisbynomeanslesstangible.TheManilaDeclarationonWorldTourism(WorldTourismConferenceinManila,1980)hasthistosay:Throughitseffectonthephysicalandmentalhealthofindividualspracticingit,tourismisafactorthatfavourssocialstability,improvestheworkingcapacityofcommunitiesandpromotesindividualaswellascollectivewell-being.Withrespecttointernationalrelationsandthesearchforpeace,basedonjusticeandrespectofindividualandnationalaspirations,tourismstandsoutasapositiveandever-presentfactorinpromotingmutualknowledgeandunderstandingandasabasisforreachingagreaterlevelofrespectandconfidenceamongallthepeoplesoftheworld.Environmental.Viewedbroadly,improvementsinmanufacturedaswellasnaturalenvironmentscanbeattributedtotourism.Inspiteoflegitimatecriticismofsomeaspectsofmoderntransportation,touriststodayarefarbetteroffthaninthepast.Earlyroad,train,andplanetravelwereundependablebecausebreakdownswerefrequent.Thedustygravelroads,openautomobiles,andsootytraincoachesofthepastdemandedthatcameraequipmentandpicnicsuppliesbewellinsulatedandthefacesandclothingbewashedfrequently.Marshhascitedenvironmentalenhancementsduetovisitorstonationalparks.Touristsfromallovertheworldhavebecomefriendsofconservationandincreasinglyprovidefinancialsupportforparks,especiallyinlandandremote,havehelpeddispersetourists,spreadingeconomicinputtolessdevelopedpartsofacountry.Modernhighways,andparticularlyautomobilesthatprovidetemperaturecontrolandothercomfortfeatures,reduceridingfatigueandallowgreateropportunityforpleasurableandmeaningfulparticipationthaninthe1930s.Theincreasedspeedoftravelhasprovidedthechancetospendmanymorehoursattouristdestinations.Thenewerexpresswaysystemsofferamuchgreaternumberofinterestingurbanandruraltravelvistasthandidoldhighways.Creativelandscapingeasesthedrivingchore,thusenablingthedriversaswellaspassengerstoenjoythescenery.Becauseofexpandingtouristdemands,somespeciesofplantandanimallifehaveincreasedinvolumeratherthandwindled.Huntingandfishingorganizationshavelobbiedforandobtainedgovernmentalinvestmentsandoperatingbudgetsthat