GarradHassanOffshoreelectricalsystems海上风场电力系统Contents内容1.介绍Introduction2.阵列电缆-集电系统Arraycables–collectionsystems3.海上分电站Offshoresubstations4.传输到海岸Transmissiontoshore5.岸上工作Onshoreworks6.总结Summary1.介绍Introduction海上风电场电力系统Offshorewindfarmelectricalsystems由四个主要要素组成Consistoffourkeyelements:海上Offshore1.场内电缆(电力收集系统)Inter-turbinecables(electricalcollectionsystem)2.海上分电站(如果有)Offshoresubstation(ifpresent)3.输送到海岸的电缆Transmissioncablestoshore岸上Onshore4.岸上分电站(和岸上电缆)Onshoresubstation(andonshorecables)还有Also•风机Turbines•电网联接问题GridConnectionissues常规电力系统介绍Introduction-generalelectricalsystemTypicalSingleLineDiagram(SLD)海上分电站offshoresubstation风机变压器Turbinetransformers海底高压电缆SubseaHVcable现有的电网Existinggrid海底集电系统offshorecollectionsystemsubseacabling岸上分电站onshoresubstation风机turbines岸上Onshore海上Offshore典型的单线框图电力系统成本介绍Introduction-electricalsystemcostsarraycablestransmissioncablesoffshoresubstationonshoresubstationweatherotheritems占项目成本的20-30%andtypicallyabout20-30%ofprojectcosts电缆排布传送电缆海上分电站岸上分电站天气其他项目技术上相互影响介绍Introduction-technicalinteractions电网Grid电力系统Electricalsystem风机Windturbines不变但需要项目技术规范Activeandprojectspecific不变但是不影响项目技术规范Activebutnotprojectspecific可变需要项目技术规范Passivebutprojectspecific三个电力部分Threeelectricalparts•电网grid•风机windturbines•风电场电力系统windfarmelectricalsystem2.电力收集系统Electricalcollectionsystem分电站Transformersubstation每行32MW32MWperstring电力收集系统-布局Electricalcollectionsystem-layouts趋向于辐射电路布局,不需额外连接Trendisforradialcircuitswithoutadditionallinks电力收集系统-电缆安装Electricalcollectionsystems–cableinstallation工具:多数用犁,喷射机,切岩机Tools–mainlyplough,jetter,orrockcutter…犁Plough喷射工具JettingTool电力收集系统-J型管Electricalcollectionsystems–J-tubes内部inside电力收集系统-电缆J型管入口Electricalcollectionsystems–cableJ-tubeentry若无计划,会出现问题Veryproblematiconceitdoesn’tgotoplan电力收集系统-电缆保护Electricalcollectionsystems–cableprotection70%的电缆故障是人为造成(例如:捕渔装置,锚)Approximately70%+ofcablefailuresareduetohumanactivity,e.g.fishinggear,anchors.埋在地下是最好的保护方法Burialisthebestprotection.电力收集系统-电缆保护Electricalcollectionsystems–cableprotection埋设成本和可行性决定于土壤条件Burialcostandfeasibilitydependsonsoilconditions其他方式包括堆石覆盖、沙袋覆盖、和管道Alternatelycanrockdump,mattress,pipe.调查Survey!其他危险,例如:沉船、管线Alsootherhazards,e.g.wrecks,pipelines电力收集系统-成本Electricalcollectionsystems–costs36kV电缆成本:大约在每公里10万英镑(大约150万RMB)36kVcablecostsintheorderof£100kperkm•一些厂商提供更便宜价格somemanufacturersmayofferbetterprices.安装成本:5万-20万英镑再加每公里费用Installationveryvariableat£50k-£200k+perkm•最便宜的方式是使用犁挖法或喷射法在松软的海床上作业lowendforjettingorploughingin‘soft’seabed.•一旦有岩石或冰砾存在,费用显著增加,埋设是不可行的oncerockorbouldersareinvolvedcostscangoupdramaticallyandburialmaynotbefeasible.电力收集系统-总结Electricalcollectionsystems–summary•辐射布局可用单线可达30-40兆瓦Radialstringsuptoabout30-40MW•小于36kV电压最佳≤36kVvoltageoptimal•电缆类型:XLPE或EPRCabletypescanbeXLPEorEPR•安装速度大约每天1-2台风机间的连接Installationratesof1-2inter-turbinelengthsperday•J型管用于风机的出入口J-tubesusedforturbineentry/exit–fiddly!•通常最好采用埋设方法,除非无人类活动和有良好海洋环境GenerallybestburiedunlessNOhumanactivityandbenignseaenvironment3.海上分电站Offshoresubstations海上分电站-介绍Offshoresubstations–introduction有一个海上分电站是必要的吗?Isitnecessarytohaveanoffshoresubstation?如果小项目,例如,100MW以下Iftheprojectissmall,c.100MWorless接近海岸,例如,15km以内…andclosetoshore,c.15kmorless按收集电压连接电网,例如:33kV…andconnectingtothegridatcollectionvoltage,e.g.33kV答案是:大概不必,否则的话,必须要有thentheanswerisprobablyno,elseyes.多数早期风场项目(英国、瑞典,荷兰)符合前两个条件,并且也常常满足第三个条件,因此多数没有一个海上分电站Mostearlyprojects(UK,S,NL)answeryestothefirsttwoquestionsandoftenthethird.Hencemostarewithoutanoffshoresubstation.,海上分电站-平板车式结构Offshoresubstations–BarrowPowerTransformerAuxiliaryTransformerModuleBModuleAModuleCModuleEModuleDHeli-LiftAuxiliaryTransformerModuleBModuleAModuleCPlatformDeckCableDeck132kVCableTransition33kVCableTransitionP+132+M+1-W-*海上分电站Offshoresubstations平板车式结构Barrow(Installed)大型安装工具HornsRev海上分电站-单线框图Offshoresubstations–singlelinediagram~Dieselstandbygenerator33kVswitchgear132/33kVtransformerVArcompensation(Offshoreand/orOnshore)(Optional)变压器开关设备柴油发电机海上分电站-一个或者两个变压器Offshoresubstations–oneortwotransformers?•单个变压器,或者两个(+)并联?Singletransformer,ortwo(+)inparallel?•一个变压器-一旦有故障就是“灾难性的”Onetransformer-failureis“catastrophic”•两个变压器Twotransformers•额外成本Extracapitalcost•针对变压器故障提高安全性Improvedsecurityagainsttransformerfailure–更新压器或者修理可能要数月的时间newtransformerorrepairscouldtakemonths–故障率低(1次100-150年)failureratesarelow(1in100-150yrs)–减少输出取决于变压器的额定值reducedexportdependingontransformerrating•较高的运行和维护成本HigherO&Mcosts•也有其他因素,例如连接到海岸的电缆的数量,额定值等等Alsootherfactorssuchasnumberofcablestoshore,ratingsetc…目前的趋势是在可能的情况下使用一个变压器Todatethetrendhasbeenfor1transformerwhenpossible海上分电站-成本Offshoresubstation-costs•主要的成本变化取决于支撑结构及其安装Maincostvariableisthesupportstructureanditsinstallation•对于100MW左右的风电场,电气设备要花费2百万英镑Electricalitemstypically£2Mfor100MWorso•支撑结构和安装可大大超过上述的费用Structureandinstallationcanbesubstantiallymorethanthis•单桩式更广泛Monopileseemstobeattractive•总的成本5-10百万英镑按兆瓦增加Totalcosts£5-10MincreasingwithMWMW£51015100200海上分电站-总结Offshoresubstations-summary•最佳项目:100MW左右并且远离海岸超过15km,特别是高于36kV的并网情况。Optimalforprojectsapproximatelyabove100MWand15km+outtosea,particularlyifgridconnectedabove36kV.•安装后的典型成本为5-10百万