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1LectureOneFIDICContractConditions1.1FIDICFIDICisshortformforFederationInternationalDesIngenieurs-ConseilinFrenchreferringtotheInternationalFederationofConsultingEngineer.1.2FIDICContractConditionsFIDICContractConditionsissuedbytheCECC(CivilEngineeringContractsCommittee)refertostandardconditionsofcontractforWorksofCivilEngineeringConstructiondesignedforuseininternationalprojects.UptonowFIDIChaspublishedfoureditionsofFIDICContractConditions.TheFirstEditionIn1957theInternationalFederationofConsultingEngineers(FIDIC)publishedforthefirsttimeaformofstandardconditionsofcontractforworksofcivilengineeringconstructionespeciallydesignedforuseininternationalprojects.Uptothattimetherewerenoeditionswhichhadbeenspecificallypreparedtogoverninternationalcontract.ThefirsteditionswasbasedonaformofcontractinuseintheUnitedKingdomwhichwaspublishedbytheInstitutionofCivilEngineers(ICE)andthusverymuchreflecttraditionsandalegalsystemthatwerespecificallyBritish.第一讲FIDIC合同条件1.1FIDICFIDIC是法文国际咨询工程师联合会(FederationInternationaldesIngenieurs-Conseils)的缩写形式。1.2FIDIC合同条款所谓FIDIC合同条款，就是FDIC委员会制定的国际土木工程施工的合同条件或条款到目前为止FIDIC出版了四版FIDIC合同条件。第一版1957年，国际咨询工程师联合会（FIDIC）首次出版了标准的土木工程施工合同条件的格式，专门用于国际工程项目，这就是FIDIC条款第1版。在此以前还没有专门编制的适用于国际合同的条件。第一版是以当时正在英国使用的合同格式为蓝本，该合同格式是由土木工程师协会出版，而因版本反映出具有英国特色的传统和法律制度。2TheSecondEditionThesecondeditionofFIDICContractConditionswasissuedin1963,butdidasmallchangetotheconditionscontainedinthefirstedition.ThesecondeditionaddedaPartIIItothefirstedition.ThisPartIIIwasdraftedtoprovideparticularchangestotheGeneralconditionswhenthedocumentwastobeusedfordredgingandLandreclamationcontracts.TheThirdEditionAcompleterevisionofFIDICcontractconditionswasmadein1977.ThethirdeditionofFIDICcontractconditionswaspublishedin1977andwasaccompaniedbyexplanatorydocumententitledNotesonDocumentsforcivilEngineeringContracts.TheFourthEditionIn1983theExecutivecommitteeofFIDICappointedadraftingcommitteecomprisedofmembersofthecivilEngineeringcontractcommittee(CECC)topreparethefourtheditionofFIDICContractConditions.Withfouryear’shardwork,theresultsoftheworkofthedraftingcommitteewereapprovedin1987andthefourtheditionoftheconditionsofcontractforworksofcivilEngineeringConstructionwaspublishedattheAnnualconferenceofFIDICheldinLausanne,SwitzerlandinSeptemberof1987.第二版FIDIC条件第二版于1963年发行，对第一版作了一些小的变动。第二版在第一版的基础上增加了一个第三部分。此第三部分的起草制定主要用于疏竣和填筑合同，同时对通用条件作了一些具体变动。第三版1977年对FIDIC合同条件作了全面的修订。并于当年出版了FIDIC合同条件第三版，同时还出版了一本与此配套的题为“土木工程合同文件注释”的解释性文件。第四版1983年FIDIC执行委员会任命了一个有土木工程合同委员会（CECC）成员组成的起草委员会，准备第四版。经过四年的艰苦工作，起草委员会工作成果得到了批准与认可，并于1987年9月在瑞士的洛桑举行的FIDIC年会上发行了土木工程合同条件的第四版，即我们平时所称的FIDIC条款第4版。3MembersofCECCTheCECC(civilEngineeringcontractscommittee)comprisedthefollowing5membersallofwhomplayedanactiveroleinthepreparationofthefourthedition,i.echairman,Messrs.H.Sorensen(Denmark)R.Elsasser(Germany)R.Heins(USA),H.Kristensen(Sweden)andK.B.Norris(U.K).ThemainresponsibilityforcoordinatingthedraftingfelluponMessrs.Sorensen,andNorris.1.3StandardizationbothinTechnicalandAdministrativemattersFIDICContractdocumentsprovidestandardizationbothintechnicalandadministrativematters.Thestandardizationinquestionisessentialforthesatisfactioncompletionofprojectsofcivilengineeringconstruction.Thereareobviousadvantagestousingdetailedcontractprovisionsbaseduponastandardformofcontractwhichholdsareasonablebalancebetweentherequirementsandinterestsofthepartiesconcernedandinparticularallocatesfairlytherisksandresponsibilitiesbetweentheconcernedparties.Thestandardizationalsocanavoidunsatisfactoryperformance,increasedcostsanddisputeswhichcanariseifthetrustthatneedstoexistbetweenthepartiestoaconstructioncontractislacking.土木工程合同委员会成员土木工程合同委员会由5名先生组成：主席：丹麦的M．索伦森先生(M.Sorensen)及四名委员，德国的R．埃尔萨斯先生(R.Elsassen),美国的R．海因斯先生(R.Heins),瑞典的H．克里斯藤森先生(H.Kristensen),和英国的K.B.诺里斯先生(K.B.Norris)，以上各位在第四版起草工作中都起了积极的作用。1．3技术方面和管理方面的标准化FIDIC合同条件提供了技术方面和管理方面的标准化。这对圆满完成土木工程项目来是极为重要的。使用合同标准格式详尽的合同条款具有明显的优点。因为标准化可以合理平衡有关各方之间的要求和利益，尤其是能公平地在合同各方之间分配风险和责任。标准化还可以在很大程度上避免履约不不佳，成本增加，以及由于施工合同各方彼此之间缺乏所需要的信任而引起的争端。4Theuseofstandardconditionsofcontractwillnotonlyfacilitatethesuccessfulcompletionofacontractbutwill,inallprobability,resultinlowertenderprices,astenderswillbefamiliarwiththeconditionsthatwillapplyunderthecontract.Thewidespreaduseofstandardconditionsofcontractalsoprovidesastablebasisfortrainingandeducatingpersonnelresponsibleforcontractmanagementandavoidstheirhavingtoworkwitheverchangingcontractconditions.1．4DifferencesbetweentheeditionsofFIDICContractConditionsWeshouldsaythattheFourEditionofFIDICContractConditionsisaperfectversion.TheprincipalchangesfromthethirdeditionofFIDICcontractconditionsareasfollows:1）PartIIofthecontractconditions(ConditionsofParticularApplication)hasbeengreatlyexpandedbygoingfromanaidememoiretoafairlycomprehensivesetoffullydevelopedexampleclauses.2）PartIIhasbeenprintedasaseparatevolume.ThisenablePartI(GeneralConditions)tobeattachedtothetenderdocumentsintheirprintedform.ThisprovidessatisfactoryevidencethatnochangeshavebeenmadethereinandthatwhateverchangesarerequiredwillbeeffectedbyanentryinPartII.使用合同标准条件不仅有利于顺利完成合同，而