人教新课标高中英语必修一定语从句课件

Grammar2形容词：用来修饰描述名词或代词的词,在简单句中，作定语、表语、补足语.定语从句：是一个句子，在复合句中,由关系词引导，相当于一个形容词，修饰名词或代词(先行词)。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.先行词关系词定语从句先行词：被修饰的名词或代词，在定语从句之前.定语从句：先行词之后,修饰先行词.关系词:引导从句,在从句中代替先行词，充当句子成分.3ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用1）2）3）关系词4定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。•限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。它和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。•在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.•非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。它和主句关系不十分密切，它与主句之间常用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。在非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略。Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.Revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun关系代词指代定语从句中所充当的分人物句子主语宾语表语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoseas∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨注意：that，why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。as引导非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前，也可以用在主句后，指代整个主句的内容。常译为“正如，好像”。注意：在某些场合，非限制性定语从句的先行词可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.as和which引导非限定性定语从句,都可指一句话内容，区别在于which只能放在它所指那句话的后面，而as可以在前面,也可以在后面。7whichas在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：1.which可以代指主句的部分内容，也可以代指整个主句的内容。as代指整个主句。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。which引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后，不能放在句首。3.当非限制性定语从句为否定句或者具有否定意义时用which,不用as。4.as表达”正如,就像”之意.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语、宾语、表语、定语关系代词做状语关系副词theusageoftherelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语9定语从句引导词的选择•取决于先行词在定语从句中的位置、成分。1.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（从句中作宾语）2.Thiswasthetimewhen\atwhichsheleftforBeijing.(从句中作状语)Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.(从句中作宾语)10使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略,且that前不能有介词。Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作宾语）111.Theboy________isstandingnearthedoorismybrother.that/who(主语)2.Ilikethebook__________youlenttome.that/which(宾语)3.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_________itwas.that/which(表语)4.Theyplantedtheflowers___________didn’tneedmuchwater.which/that(主语)5.Thedictionary__________myfatherboughtformeisveryusefultome.which/that(宾语)6.Theteacher________wenttoseemeyesterdayisMr.Zhang.7.Hereistheman_______________youwanttosee.whom/that/who(宾语)who/that(主语)that12Iknowthegirl______faceisred.whose(定语)I’dliketheroom________windowsarebig.whose(定语)whose注意：whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow13关系代词as引导定语从句,用于固定搭配,先行词与as、so、such、thesame连用。1.DoyouwanttobuythesameradioaswasshownonTV.(主语)2.HehasasgoodapenasIhave.(宾语)3.Beijingisnotthesameasitusedtobe.(表语)14.Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，但不一定就是它表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.15关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.!16注意:介词+which（指物),不可省介词+whom（指人),不可省介词后不用who、thatThecitywhichshelivesinisfaraway.Themanwhomyouspoketoisourheadmaster.Thefarmonwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisbeautiful.Thisisthetreeunderwhichweusedtoplaygames.Hangzhouistheplacewhere/towhichIwentlastsummer.Irememberthedaywhen/onwhichmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.171.介词的确定方法•Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.•Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam.①根据先行词来确定Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定18Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定Thepenwithwhichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.2.介词的位置①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.ThisistherightplaceI’mlookingfor.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.191.Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookformwhichshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?介词+关系代词的使用5.ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.6.Glasses,withoutwhichIcan’tseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichweareproud.8.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?20Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.1.名词+介词+关系代词Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、neither、either、some、any等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.214.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.介词+关系代词+名词Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.Iwilln