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ProgressinChemistry19984No.4December1998TiO2(430072)TiO2CO2H2OTiO2TiO2TiO2TiO2-BasedPhotocatalysisandItsApplicationsforWasteWaterTreatmentShenWeirenZhaoWenkuanHeFeiFangYouling(DepartmentofChemistry,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,China)AbstractTiO2-basedheterogeneousphotocatalysishasthepotentialtodegradeenvironmentalpollutantsbysolarenergy.ThecontaminantscanbemineralizedtoCO2,H2Oandothersmallmolecules.ThepaperdealswiththeprincipleandmechanismofphotocatalysisonTiO2,thewaysforenhancingphotocatalyticefficiency,andthemethodsandproblemsofTiO2photocatalysisfordegradationsofseveraltypicalcontaminants.TherecentdevelopmentsinTiO2photocatalysisanditsapplicationprospectsforthetreatmentofwastewaterareintroduced.KeywordsTiO2;heterogeneousphotocatalysis;degradation;wastewatertreatment1972FujishimaHonda1TiO227TiO2TiO2(3.2eV)3%48TiO2TiO21.(valenceband,VB)(conductionband,CB)(,Eg)(e-)(h+)TiO2H2Oe-h+h+H2O*OHH+h+OH-*OHO2e-*O2-*O2-H+HO2*2HO2*O2H2O2H2O2O2-*OHOH-O22.gEg13g(nm)1240Eg(eV)TiO2pH13.2eV387nm()()3.()TiO2TiO21.(1)TiO23TiO61Ti4+6O2-TiTi(3.79,3.04)(3.57,3.96)Ti-O(1.934,1.980)(1.949,1.980)10()8()(3.894g*cm-3)(4.250g*cm-3)(3.3eV)(3.1eV)TiO2O2(2)Salvador14TiO2(001)Ti3+-Vo-Ti3+H2OH2O2Ti3+-Ti3+(2.59)Ti4+-Ti4+(4.59)5-1TiO2(3)TiO2(H2O,O2)TiO2TiO2H2O(OH)O215TiO2TiO2(110)Yamashita17TiO2(110)TiO2(100)CO2H2OTiO2(100)TiO2(110)TiO2(100)TiO2(110)TiO2(100)TiO2(100)TiO(Ti/O)TiO2(110)CO2H2OTiO2(110)TiO2(110)Sanjines16TiO2(101)2.TiO2TiO2TiO2(1)TiO2(2)(3)DegussaP-25TiO2TiO2()Bickley18()TiO2(4.0m2*g-1)-(5.8m2*g-1)3.TiO2TiO2()TiO2(TiCl4)TiO2DegussaP-25TiO270%30%50m2*g-120nm19(300)TiO212nm100m2*g-1700(37m2*g-1)DegussaP-25TiO2DegussaP-25TiO22TiO2()--Kisler202030CO2CO2Dagan21TiO285%600m2*g-10.5g*cm-3X50DegussaP-25TiO2TiO24TiO2TiO2400nm-1.(1)TiO2()Pt22,23Ag24Ir25Au26Ru27Pd28(2)Fe3+Litter29Fe3+TiO2Choi3021TiO20.10.5%Fe3+Mo5+Ru3+Os3+Re5+V4+Rh3+Co3+Al3+()31TiO2(600nm)(3)--Al2O332SiO233ZrO234TiO2TiO2CdSCdSTiO2CdSTiO2CdS-TiO2CdSCdS/TiO234TiO2/CdSe35ZnO/TiO236TiO2/SnO237TiO2/PbS38TiO2/WO338(4)B3940Ru(byp)32+414222(5)Uchihana43OH-EDTA2-TiO2PtTiO22.344FoxLinsebigler2.TiO2(Q-TiO2)1-10nm--Q-TiO246(Nafion)47Uchida(PVPD)Q-TiO2TiO21.TiO2TiO2(0.5mg*cm-3)(batchreactor)Mills49NDC2.(1)-TiO250,51(2)()40060052,53(3)TiO2TiO25456(4)TiO257(5)TiO258sol-gel59603.TiO2TiO2TiO2Sopyan61TiO2120Kim50TiO2TiO2Vinodgopal62TiO24-TiO2H2OCO2PO43-SO42-NO3-TiO21.(1)63686795%(2)Klopffer69s-110-77071TiO2PO3-4CODCr70%-90%(3)7576(NPE-n)Hidaka7780Pelizzetti81TiO2TiO222-6GTiO2/SiO251BTiO256TiO2WO363GTiO2641TiO265(7)TiO266HTiO268atrazineTiO2ZnO70(DDT)TiO2TiO2/Pt722,4,5-TiO273(DDVP)(DTHP)TiO274TiO271()TiO2TiO277,78()TiO279()TiO276,80TiO281TiO2/SiO259,60TiO2Ni-15TiO2824-TiO2622-2,7-TiO2TiO2/Pt83,84,853,3-TiO286CFC113(CCl2FCClF2)TiO287,88TiO2SiO2TiO2/Al2O391TiO289,90TiO292TiO293TiO294,95CN-TiO299,101Au(CN)4-H2O2/TiO2100I-,SCN-TiO2/SnO237Cr2O2-7TiO2ZnO/TiO299-101Hg,CH3HgClTiO2()102CO2(4)82824-49,62FDA2FDA38385(5)(CFCs)87,88Takita87TiO2CCl2FCClF2(CFC113)Kanno88TiO2CFC113TiO2WO3TiO2/WO3CFC113100h99.6%8990CO2HF(6)TiO2TiO2TiO2Berry92TiO293TiO2TiO2-TiO294TiO2Heller95100mTiO2TiO22.TiO2Cr2O2-71977Miyaka96TiO2Cr2O2-7Cr3+Yoneyama97Cr2O2-798ZnO/TiO2Frank99TiO2CN-OCN-CO2N2NO-3Serpone100TiO2Au(CN)-4AuCN-NH3CO2Hidaka101OCN-CO2N2TiO2103103,104TiO219971219982***1FujishimaA,HondaK,Nature,1972,238(5358),3738.2FoxMA,DulayMY,Chem.Rev.,1993,93(1),341357.3LinsebiglerAL,LuG,YatesJT,Chem.Rev.,1995,95(3),735758.4HoffmannMR,MartinST,ChoiWetal.,Chem.Rev.1995,95(1),6996.5,1993,11(2),7681.61994,2(3),5057.7,1996,4(3),118.8OllisDF,PelizzettiE,SerponsN,Environ.Sci.Technol.,1991,25(9),15231529.9OkamotoK-J,YamamotoY,TanakaHetal.,Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.,1985,58(7),20152022.10CarrawayER,HoffmanAJ,HoffmannMRetal.,Environ.Sci.Technol.,1994,28(5),786793.11RichardC,JPhotochem.Photobiol.A:Chem.,1993,72,179182.12GerischerH,HellerA,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1992,139(1),113118.13GratzelM,HeterogeneousPhotochemicalElectronTransfer,CRCPress,BatonRouge,FL,1988.14SalvadorP,GonzalezGarciaML,MunozF,J.Phys.Chem.,1992,96(25),1034910353.15WongJCS,LinsebiglerAL,LuGetal.,J.Phys.Chem.,1995,99(1),335344.16SanjinesR,TangH,BergerHetal.,J.Appl.Phys.,1994,75,2945.17YamashitaH,KamadaN,HeHetal.,Chem.Lett.,1994,855858.18BickleyR,Gonzalea-CarrenoT,LeesJ,J.SolidStateChem.,1991,92,178190.191998,14(5)424428.20KistlerSS,J.Phys.Chem.,1932,36,5264.21DaganG,TomkiewiczM,J.Phys.Chem.,1993,97(49),1265112655.22OhnoT,SaitoS,FujiharaKetal.,Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.,1996,69(11),30593064.23OhtaniB,IwaiK,NishimotoSetal.,J.Phys.Chem.B,1997,101(17),33493359.24SciafaniA,MozzanegaM-N,PichatP,J.Photochem.Photobiol.,A:Chem.,1991,59(2),181189.25,1987,45,659665.26,1987,45,651653.27RufusIB,RamakrishnanV,ViswanathanBetal.,Langmuir,1990,6(3),565567.28PappJ,Chem.Mater.,1993,5,284.29LitterMI,NavioJA,J.Photochem.Photobiol.,A:Chem.,1996,98(3),171181.30ChoiW,TerminA,HoffmannMR,J.Phys.Chem.,1994,98(51),1366913679.31YamashitaH,AnpoM,Kagaku,1997,52(9),74.32MabakazuA,KawamuraT,KodamaSetal.,J.Phys.Chem.,1988,92(2),438440.33FuX,ClarkLA,YangQetal.,Environ.Sci.Technol.,1996,30(2),647653.34VogelR,HoyerP,WellerH,J.Phys.C