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1[高中英语语法]定语从句一、定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。请看下面例句的不同含义：限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。Shehastwosons，2三、关系代词的用法区分1.修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分•只能使用that的情况：（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.（3）当先行词所在句子含疑问词who，which时。eg.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday？（4）当先行词被thevery,theright,thenext,theonly等强调词修饰时。eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.（5）当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?或当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等不定代修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.•只能使用which的情况。（1）非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.Football,whichisaveryimportantgame,isplayedallovertheworld.（2）在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.that指人/物，做主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Itoldyouabout.Which指物，做主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省略）Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder(which)heisusingismadeinJapan.2.修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。1).先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时，宜用who;Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestosaytruth.2）在Therebe开头的句字中，宜用who；Therearemanypeoplewhoareagainsthim.3)先行词指人，且关系代词前有介词时，只用whom;SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.3比较Sheisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetattheparty.Who指人，做主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Whom指人，作宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.3.whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物,指物时=ofwhich，指人时=ofwhom。在定从中做定语，表从属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替his,her,their,its.（1）Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.（2）Shelivesinaroom，ofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.（3）Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.（4）DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinEraq.DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq.四、如何选择关系代词？（who,whom,whose,which,that）口诀：前看先行词，辩清人或物；后看从句里，有无主宾语。五、定语从句考点热点1关系代词与关系副词的选用▲有二步：找对先行词，看准从句判断先行词在从句中做什么成分(1)Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheold__________theyswamintheriver.(2)Thedaysaregoneforever__________theChinesepeoplearelookeddownupon.(3)I’llneverforgetthedays____________wevisitedBeijing.I’llneverforgetthedays__________________wespenttogether.(4)Thisistheoffice______________heworked.Thisistheoffice_________________heworkedinThisistheofficein________________heworked(5)Thereason__________________hewaslateforschoolisthathiscarbrokedown.Thereason___________________hetoldmeabouthisbeinglateforschoolisthathiscarbrokedown.(6)—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?—Yes,thereisonepoint_________________Imustinsiston.Thenoisefromthekaraokeiscomingtoapoint____________wecan’tputupwithit.热点2where引导的定语从句▲先行词在从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where,也可以用介词+关系代词.▲当先行词为point,case,situation,position,stage,degree等且在从句做地点状语时，用where..⑴Todaywewilldiscussanumberofcases____________-beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguage4properly.﹙2007·陕西Ⅰ·20﹚⑵Somepreschoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_____________theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.﹙2007·全国Ⅰ·22﹚⑶Alltheneighborsadmirethefamily,______________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend﹙2008·安徽·26﹚热点3whose引导的定语从句▲先行词在从句中作定语,先行词既可指人也可指物.▲Whose后肯定有它所修饰的名词.⑴Justlikeavoyageatsea,ourlifejourney,____________daysarelimited,isfullofdifficulties.﹙2008安徽六校高三联考﹚A.whoseB.thatC.itsD.whom⑵Ivisitedthescientist____________nameisknownallovertheworld.A.whoseB.thatC.itsD.whom热点4介词+关系代词▲该用哪个介词：根据介词与先行词的搭配.根据介词与定语从句谓语动词的搭配.根据定语从句的意思.⑴Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_________hewenttobeinguniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhich.D.inthat⑵Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.beforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich⑶Assoonasyougethomefromschool,thinkabouttheorder＿youwilldoyourhomeworkassignmentsandhowmuchtimeyouwillspendoneachone.A.ofwhichB.atwhichC.throughwhichD.inwhich热点5as引导的定语从句▲As可引导限制性定语从句，特别是当先行词前有such,so,thesame来修饰时.注意：such/so…that…与such/so…as…▲As引导非限制性定语从句是，常代表整个句子.(1)Themanshowedussoheavyastone_________noonecanlift.A.thatBasC.whichD.and(2)Themanshowedussoheavyastone__________noonecanlift________.A.that;itB.as;itC.which;thatD.that;which热点6代表整个句子的关系代词有as和which▲区别：☆as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前又可在主句后，有时还可插在主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能置于主句之后。☆as常常有“正如,如同”之意,而which无此意。⑴_________isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.itB.thatC.asD.which5(2)Hedidn’tstudyhardandfailedtop