高中英语语法陷阱题之非谓语动词更新时间:2012-6-912:09:43来源:本站整理作者:佚名【大中小】浏览:3次-◆典型陷阱题分析◆1.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句,即在could后省略了动词do,若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:(1)Theydidwhattheycouldtocomforther.他们尽量安慰她。(2)Theydideverythingtheycouldtosaveherlife.他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3)Hestudiesashardashecouldtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是,这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题:(4)Heranasfastashecould_____tocatchtheearlybus.A.tohopeB.hopeC.hopingD.hoped此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchtheearlybus用作伴随状语。(5)Hespenteveryminutehecould_____spokenEnglish.A.practiseB.topractiseC.practisingD.practised此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关,即spend…(in)doingsth。若将此句补充完整,即为HespenteveryminutehecouldspendinpractisingspokenEnglish.(6)Beforegoingabroadhedevotedallhecould____D____hisoralEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimproving此题答案选D,注意两点:一是devote…to…是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。2.Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan’thelp_______anyofyourwork.A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone【陷阱】容易误选B,根据can’thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构:can’thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题,答案也是B:Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.AcleaningB.tocleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned再请看以下试题:Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded此题应选C,句中的can’thelp意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。3.Allhertime_______experiments,shehasnotimeforfilms.A.devotedtodoB.devotedtodoingC.devotingtodoingD.isdevotedtodoing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下:(1)devote意为“致力于,献身于”,主要用devote…to…或bedevotedto,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不用不定式。(2)选A错误:若将do改为doing则可以。(3)选B正确:allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构,用作状语。(4)选C错误:因为allhertime与devote为被动关系,故应将devoting改为devoted。(5)选D错误:若单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments,此句并没有错,但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式,所以从整体上看仍不对,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D,或将D将中的is改为being也可选它。请做以下类似题(答案均选A):(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,we’rereadytostart.A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport比较以下各题,答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and:(1)Allthepreparationsfortheproject______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.havebeencompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.beencompleted(2)Such_______thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut______him.A.being,supportB.was,supportC.hasbeen,supportingD.is,tosupport4.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake【陷阱】容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响,认为是现在分词表结果的用法。【分析】其实答案应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,nottomakeitmoredifficult是对逗号前的不定式tomakelifeeasier的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答案选B):Thepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbut_____workforyoungpeople.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.provided5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.A.tobetiedB.beingtiedC.tiedD.havingtied【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看,hands与tie的关系应属被动关系,故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中,选项A比较容易排除,因为不定式表示将来意义,在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较:B为现在分词的被动式,它表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表进行,也就是说hishandsbeingtied的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”,这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词,它也表示两层意义,一是表被动,二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态,此句中的withhishandstiedbehindhisback可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题:Anyone______tryingtotakeknivesonheardflightswouldbecaughtbythepolice.A.findsB.foundC.beingfoundD.willfind答案选B而不选C,其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题,最佳答案是D不是A,现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行:(1)Thecourthearsabout120casesayear;visitorsarewelcometoseeacase______.A.arguedB.tobearguedC.tobearguingD.beingargued(2)Thesilenceofthelibrarywassometimesbrokenbyanoccasionalcoughorbythesoundofpages_______.A.turnedB.havingturnedC.tobeturnedD.beingturned6.Remindme_______themedicinetomorrow.A.oftakingB.takingC.totakeD.take【陷阱】容易误选A。受remindsbof(doing)sth这一常用结构的影响。【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:remindsbof[about]sth=使某人想起某事remindsbofdoingsth=提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)remindsbtodosth=提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)请看两个例句:Iremindedhimofhispromise.我提醒他做过的诺言。Mywiferemindedmeofseeingthatfilm.我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Canyouremindmetophonehertomorrow?你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词,这就说明不能选B或C,因为B、C均为名词,不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的,因为其中有动词fly。但若选A,youfly是一个主谓结构,与其后的谓语willbe相冲突,所以只能选D,即动名词flying在此用作主语。8.Notonlyshouldyougetused______underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaymoreattention______yourworkwell.A.towork,todoB.toworking,todoingC.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo【陷阱】容易误选A,认为两个空白处均应填不定式。【分析】正确答案为B,因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词,不是不定式符号,故后接动词时要用动名词,不能动词原形。类似地,以下各结构中的to也是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时也应用动名词,而不是动词原形:lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事objecttodoingsth反对做某事sticktodoingsth坚持做某事getdowntodoingsth开始做某事taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事admittodoing承认做了某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事devote