搜索
科技英语写作常见语法错误1.Subject-VerbAgreements2.RestrictiveandNonrestrictiveClauses3.DanglingModifiers（垂悬修饰语）4.AwkwardOmissionsofVerbsandAuxiliaryVerbs1.Subject-VerbAgreements•例1Applicationofthistechniquetostudiesonphytoplanktonbiomassanditsenvironmentsaredescribed.–[说明]Thesubjectis“application”,whichissingular.•Applicationofthistechniqueto…isdescribed.•例2GrowthandisolationofM13viruswasdescribed•→GrowthandisolationofM13virusweredescribed.•Exception–Asubjectthatispluralinformbutsingularineffecttakesasingularverb.•例3Thenameandaddressofeachcontributorisgivenonthetitlepage.•例4Researchanddevelopmentisattractingagrowingnumberofyoungscientists.•However,whentwoormoresubjectsarejoinedby“or”,theverbtakesthenumberoftheclosestsubject.1.Applicationoruseswerenoted.2.Usesorapplicationwasnoted.•Collectivenounstakeasingularverbwhenthegroupasawholeismeant,theytakeapluralverbwhenindividualsofthegrouparemeant.1.Theseriesisarrangedinorderofdecreasingsize.–[说明]Referstotheseriesasaunit.2.Aseriesofcompoundswereobtained.–[说明]Referstoeachcompound.3.Experimentaldatathatweobtainedarecomparedwithpreviouslyreportedresults.•[说明]Referstothedataasindividualresults.4.Afterthedataaredistributed,wecanmeettodiscussthem.•→Afterthedataisdistributed,wecanmeettodiscussit.•[说明]Referstothewholecollectionofdataasoneunit.5.Noneofthesampleswassoluble.•→Noneofthesamplesweresoluble.•[说明]Referstoindividuals.6.Thisgroupofworkersarewellawareoftheirresponsibilities.•→Thisgroupofworkersiswellawareofitsresponsibilities.•[说明]Referstothegroupasaunit.•Unitsofmeasurementaretreatedascollectivenounsandthereforetakeasingularsubject.1.Themixturewasstirred,and5mLofdiluentwereadded.•→Themixturewasstirred,and5mLofdiluentwasadded.2.FivegramsofNaClwereaddedtothesolution.•→FivegramsofNaClwasaddedtothesolution.3.Threeweeksareneededtocompletetheexperiment.•→Threeweeksisneededtocompletetheexperiment.•Compoundsubjectscontainingthewords“each”,“every”,and“everybody”maytakesingularverbs.1.Eachflaskandeachholderwassterilizedbeforeuse.•Bothcomponentsofthecompoundsubjectmustcontainthewordsinquestion.Otherwise,theverbmustbeplural.•Eachstudentandalloftheprofessorswereinvited.2.RestrictiveandNonrestrictiveClauses1Whenaclauseinacompoundsentenceisrestrictive,theclauseisnecessarytothesenseofthesentence,thesentencewouldbecomepointlesswithouttheclause.Restrictiveclausesarebestintroducedby“that”,not“which”.必须2.Whenaclauseisnonrestrictive,itaddsinformation,butthesentencedoesnotloseitsmeaningiftheclauseisdeleted.Nonrestrictiveclauseareintroducedby“which”aresetoffbycommas.补充•限制性定语从句1.Itwasnecessarytofindablockinggroupwhichwouldreactwiththeaminogroupbutnotwiththehydroxyl.•→Itwasnecessarytofindablockinggroupthatwouldreactwiththeaminogroupbutnotwiththehydroxyl.•非限制性定语从句1.Thecurrent-voltagecurves,whichareshowninFigure6,clearlydemonstratethereversibilityofallfourprocesses.•不可用“that”3.DanglingModifiers（垂悬修饰语）•Oneformofadanglingmodifierisaverbalphrasethatnotreferclearlyandlogicallytoanotherwordorphraseinthesentence.•隐含前后主语的一致性•Understandingtheeffectofsubstituentsontheparentmolecules,theorthohydrogenscouldbeassignedtothehigh-frequencypeak.•→Understandingtheeffectofsubstituentsontheparentmolecules,wecouldassigntheorthohydrogenstothehigh-frequencypeak.•Usingtheproceduredescribedpreviously,thepartitionfunctioncanbeevaluated.•→Thepartitionfunctioncanbeevaluatedbyusingtheproceduredescribedpreviously.•Or,•→Usingtheproceduredescribedpreviously,wecanevaluatethepartitionfunction.4.AwkwardOmissionsofVerbsandAuxiliaryVerbs•Besurethateachsubjectinacompoundsentencehastheproperverbsandauxiliaryverbs.1.Theeluantwasaddedtothecolumn,andthesamplescollectedin10-mLincrements.•→Theeluantwasaddedtothecolumn,andthesampleswerecollectedin10-mLincrements.科技英语写作表达的几个问题1简明2富于变幻3辨析近义词4语法修辞及其他（1）由which,that,where引出的从句（2）不要在一个名词前用一串词进行修饰（3）词序（4）利用时态表示事件发生的先后关系（5）介词1)与描写实验过程有关的介词2)由相同介词引起的相互平行的对等结构1简明例AscanbeseenfromFig.1,growthisrapid.→Growthisrapid(Fig.1).Fig.1showsthatgrowthisrapid.AsshowninFig.1…→Fig.1shows…Themolarenthalpyofdecompositionwasdeterminedtobe62.38kJ/molbymeansoftheethirdpeakareainDSCcurve.→Themolarenthalpyofdecompositionwasdeterminedtobe62.38kJ/molfrom(orby)theethirdpeakareainDSCcurve.下述句式可以更加简捷的形式表达常以介词或副词代替anumberof=several,someatatemperatureofatatsomefuturetimelateratthepresenttime(moment)nowaverylimitednumberoffewbymeansofbyorwithduetothefactthatbecauseorsinceduringthetimethatwhileforaperiodofforforthereasonthatbecauseorsincefromthestandpointofaccordingtogreater(orhigher)numberofmoreifconditionsaresuchthatifcomparedwithA,BwasbiggerBwasbiggerthanAconsiderableamountofmuchconsiderablenumber(orproportion)manyormostinacarelessmannercarelesslyinaconsiderablenumberofcasesofteninasimilarmannersimilarlyinallcasesalways,allinanycaseanyhowinconsequenceofthisfactthereforeinexcessofmorethaninfewcasessometimes,rarely,seldominmanycaseschemistsare…manychemistsare…inordertotoinregardtoinrelationtoinrespecttointhecaseofinthecontextof以上可使用适当的介词，例如in,for,about,withinsomecasessometimesintermsofininthecaseofsodiumwithsodiumintheeventthatifinthen