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状语从句&并列句语法总结（一）时间状语从句•when,while,as•when主句和从句动作同时发生或从句先于主句动作•while从句动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句和从句动作对比•as从句和主句动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边...,一边...;随着...”when,while,as•________Tomarrived,Iwascookinglunch.•________hewasayoungman,hewasfondofhunting.(=Asayoungman)•________timegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.•Pleasedon’ttalksoloud,________othersareworking.whileAsWhenWhen（一）时间状语从句•after,before,since&till(until)•before还可用来表示“...才...;还未...就...”•since从句谓语动词一般是非延续性的，当从句是一般过去时,主句时态为现在完成时•till(until)主句延续性动词肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”;主句非延续性动词否定式,意为“某动作直到某时间点才开始”。•till不可以置于句首,而until可以。before&since•Ihavewrittenhomefourtimes_______Icamehere.•Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournights_______wesawtheland.•Wehadn’trunamile_______hefelttired.我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。sincebeforebefore1.Itwillbe+一段时间+beforeItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback....多久之后才...2.Itwon’tbe+一段时间+beforeItwon’tbehalfayearbeforewemeetagain.3.Itis+一段时间+since(非延续性)Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.自...以来有多久了4.Itis+一段时间+since(延续性)ItisthreeyearssinceIsmoked.自不...以来有多久了before&since...多久就...till(until)“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”;“某动作直到某时间点才开始”•Wewaitedtill/untilhecame.•Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilAnnreturns.•________youtoldmeIhadnoideaofit.我们一直等到他来。直到Ann回来，他才去睡觉。Untiltill,until和not…until：•not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：•Ididn’thaveanyideaofituntilyoutoldme.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.（一）时间状语从句•一...就...assoonas•immediately,directly,instantly;nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when;themoment,theminute,theinstant,once一...就...•ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.•=Theminute/Theinstant•Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.•=directly/instantly一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。•考点:“一…就”“刚….就”•我一到达上海就给你打电话。（时态）•时态要求：•改错:Ihardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.•时态要求：•翻译为“刚…就”的连接词有IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.ˆhad以一般现在时代替将来时主句用haddone,从句用didnosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when•Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.•Hardly/Scarcely______I______homewhenit__________torain.•Nosooner______I______homethanit__________torain.考点:“一…就”“刚….就”hadgotbeganhadgotbegan主句用haddone,从句用did（一）时间状语从句•everytime,eachtime每当;每次•nexttime下次•thefirsttime第一次•anytime任何时间•allthetime一直•bythetime截至到...•考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句•1.WheneverytimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpme.•2.Atnexttimeyoucome,dorememberbringyoursonhere.•3.ForthefirsttimeImetthegirl,Ifeltinlovewithher.•4.Youarewelcometocomebackatanytimeyouwantto.•5.AtthelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.•语法规则：everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。（一）时间状语从句•when,while,as•after,before,till(until),since,•assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,once•bythetime•themoment,every/eachtime（二）原因状语从句•because(因为),as(由于),since,for•nowthat=since既然•considering(that)考虑到／鉴于•seeing(that)鉴于／由于／既然／因为because,since,as,forbecause—直接原因,非推断,语气最强.回答whysince–通常放句首．译为“既然”as–不谈自明的原因，语气最弱．for–放句中，是并列连词，引导后半句表一种推测或解释，或用作附加说明。•-Whyareyouabsentfromthemeeting?-________Iamill.•________itisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.•________everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.•Thedaybreaks,________thebirdsaresinging.because,since,as,forBecauseAsSincefor（三）地点状语从句•where,wherever•WeshouldgowherethePartyneedusmost.•Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.where&wherever•________thereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。•________thereissmoke,thereisafire.无火不生烟。（无风不起浪。）WhereWherever区分不同从句•Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.•Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.•Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.•Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.•Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（地点状语从句）（宾语从句）（定语从句，句中有先行词）（主语从句）（表语从句）（四）目的状语从句•sothat(从句谓语常有情态动词)•inorderthat(可位于句首)•incase/lest(以防,以免)•forfearthat(害怕/担心发生某事)sothat/inorderthat;forfearthat;incase/lest•________________wemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.•Takeyourraincoat______________itshouldrain.•Anndidn’twanttogetoutofbed________________shemightwakeherbabyup.Inorderthatincase/lestforfearthat（五）结果状语从句•sothat(从句谓语一般没有情态动词)•so…thatso+adj/adv+thatso+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+thatso+many/much/few/little+名词+that•such…thatsuch+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+thatsuch+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数+thatsuch+alotof/lotsof+名词+thatso...that/such...that•Mikeis________anhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.•Mikeis________honestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.•Itis________fineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.•Heearned________littlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.suchsosuchsoso/such位于句首，主句倒装•Hewassuchasmartstudentthathecouldworkoutallthedifficultproblems.Suchasmartstudent__________thathecouldworkoutallthedifficultproblems.•Hewassosmartastudentthathecouldworkoutallthedifficultproblems.Sosmartastudent__________thathecouldworkoutallthedifficultproblems.washewashe（六）条件状语从句•if,unless(=if...not),ifonly(=if)•so/aslongas(只要),incase(万一)•onconditionthat(条件是)•suppose/supposing(假设,如果)•providedthat(如果)•注意：条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。aslongas,incase,suppose,unless•__________thereisafire,whatwillwedofirst?•__________youdon’tloseheart,youwillsucceed.•__________(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?•You’llfailtheexam__________youstudyhard.=ifyoudon’tstudyhardIncaseAslongasSupposeunless（七）让步状语从句•although/though/as/while尽管,虽然•evenif/though即使•however,whatever无论...