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IntroductiontoAcademicWritingAcademicwritingisinessenceareproductionofthewholeresearchprocess,whichexudesanairofinternallogicandreasoningbyvirtueofawell-organizedstructure.Academicwritingconsistsoffivechapters:introduction,reviewofliterature,methodology,resultsaswellasconclusions,interpretationsandimplications.Introductioniscomposedofneedforthestudy,purposeofthestudy,researchquestion,hypotheses,definitionsofterms,significanceofthestudyandorganizationofthestudy.Needforthestudyexpoundsthereasonwhythisspecificstudyisneeded.Alsoneedforthestudyis,tosomeextent,agap-fillingprocessinthatitreviewswhathasbeenachievedandwhathasnotbeenachieved.Purposeofthestudymeanstheaimandtargetofthisspecificresearch.Researchquestionshouldbepreciseandexact,whichmeansitcouldbeansweredbyyesorno.Hypothesisisasuppositionoftheresearchquestionraisedinthisspecificstudy.Nullhypothesisanddirectionalhypothesisaretwokindsofhypotheses.Equivocationandambiguityisnottoleratedindefinitionsofterms,instead,thejargonandprofessionaltermscitedinthisstudyshouldbeofhighprecisionandclarity.Significanceofthestudyillustratesthemeritsandvaluesofthisresearch.Atthesametime,significanceofthestudyelaborateswhowillbenefitfromthisresearchandwhatprogress,innovationandapplicationcanthisresearchbringabouttorelatedfield.Organizationofthestudystateshowthisresearchisarrangedandstructured.Reviewofliteraturecorrespondstoneedforthestudy,whichprobesthehistoricalandtheoreticalbackgroundaswellasrelatedresearchinpreviousandcurrentstudy.Representativenessandreliabilityshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenreviewingtheofficially-publishedliteraturefromprestigiousjournals.Withoutawide-rangeandcomprehensivereviewofdocuments,aprofound,objectiveandsystematiccollectionofpreviousresearchcouldnotbeaccomplished.Reviewofliteratureshouldnotmerelybeamechanicalsynthesisofpreviousresearch,ratheritoughttobearefinedextractiononthebasisofassiduousgathering,comparing,selectingandanalyzing.Itistheveryreviewofliteraturethatpavesthewayandleavesvastroomforfurtherstudyforcurrentscholars.OnlybydrawingageneralizedandconcisesummarizationofpreviousliteraturecouldaspontaneoustransitionandintroductiontonextchapterMethodologybepossible.Methodologyismadeupofresearchdesign,sampleandsamplingprocedures,instrumentation,treatment,datacollectionprocedures,dataanalysisproceduresandlimitation.Inresearchdesign,whatmustbespecifiedisthattheresearchisanempiricalstudyorargumentation.Empiricalstudyincludesquantitativeandqualitativestudy.Quantitativestudyexperimentsandinvestigatesthesamples,thuscollectsthedata(includingnumberandscripts)andestablishescertainmodel.Qualitativestudyanalysestheproperty,characteristicanddevelopmentallawofthesamples.Samplingprocedureisaprocessinwhichcertainamountofsamplesisselectedfromthewholesamplesaccordingtoselectingrules.Randomnessandadequatenumberareprerequisitesofselectingsamples.Instrumentationisameasuringtool,whichfunctionsasarulertoappraisethesamplesconcerningcertainsubject.Themeasuringtoolshouldbeimpartialandunbiased.Validityandreliabilityshallbeguaranteedtoreducethearbitrarinessoftheappraisal.Validitynecessitatestheinstrumentation’sdirectaddressingofrelevantresearchanditsfeasibility.Reliabilityentailstheinstrumentation’sinternalconsistencyanditsapplicabilitytoothersamplesandassignments.Treatmentiswhattheresearchershaveconductedtothesamples.Indatacollectionprocedures,thetimespanandflowofthedatacollectingprocessmustbestrictlyobeyedwhencollectingdatawithaimtoguanantethedata’scorrectness.Stratifiedsampleselectionisanecessity.Abulkofknowledgeaboutstatisticshasbeenemployedtoanalyzethedatasuchasvarianceanalysisandsingle-factoranalysis,tojustnameafew.Theinternallawofthedatacanbeillustratedbyresortingtocharts,tablesandfigures.Someflawsareinevitable,thuspointingoutthelimitationofthewholecollectionandanalysisprocedureisanindicationoftheresearcher’sscientificandjudiciousattitude.Resultsarethespontaneousoutcomeofthewholemethodology.Beflawedandevenunexpectedasitmay,researchersshallnottinkerwiththeresultsmerelyforresults’sake.Instead,theresultsshouldbepresentedastheyare.Andawell-structuredparallelshallbemaintainedwithresultonecorrespondingtoquestiononeandresulttwocorrespondingtoquestiontwo.Inthefinalconclusions,interpretationsandimplicationspart,theprevioushypotheseswilleitherbenullifiedorconfirmedaccordingtothefactualresults.Throughdiscussingtheimplicationoftheresearch,researchersforthefirsttimeinthewholeacademicwritingprocessdemonstratetheircreativitybyaddressingthepracticalapplicationoftheresearchresult.Thatistosay,theimplicationscorrespondtothepreviously-statedthesignificanceofthestudy.Implicationsalsoleavevastspaceandrecommendationsforfurtherstudy.Inexpoundingtherigidanddelicatestructureofacademicwriting,itsinternallogicandreasoningisself-evident.