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1200932Nagaokaatiir.hit-u.ac.jpwakuiatlaw.osaka-cu.ac.jpAokireiatier.hit-u.ac.jpjfff.ryushiats3.dion.ne.jpt-shimboathuman.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jpat@3DOJFTC1990(1990-1994)2000(2000-2003)38%()DOJFTC1995DOJ/FTC4EUEU20093537710161.1161.1.1161.1.2161.1.3161.2181.2.1181.2.2181.2.3201.2.4201.2.5211.3221.4231.5261.6271OraclePeopleSoft(U.S.v.OracleCorp.331F.Supp.2d1098(2004))282GenzymeNovazymePharmaceuticals30322.1322.2322.3342.4352.4.1352.4.2362.4.3376403.1403.2403.3413.3.1Gilbert&Sunshine433.3.2443.3.3453.4513.5MichaelL.KatzandHowardA.Shelanski55614.1614.1.1614.1.2624.2654.3694.3.1694.3.2724.4774.4.1774.4.2794.5834.5.1834.5.2854.68890(1996FTCDOJComplaint)7Gilbert(2007)DOJFTC1990(1990-1994)2000(2000-2003)38%()2004DOJ/FTC(2005-2007)1(innovationmarket)DOJFTC19952FTCDOJ()1”aninnovationisaneworsignificantlyimprovedproduct(goodorservice)introducedtothemarketortheintroductionwithinanenterpriseofaneworsignificantlyimprovedprocess.Innovationsarebasedontheresultsofnewtechnologicaldevelopments,newcombinationsofexistingtechnologyortheutilisationofotherknowledgeacquiredbytheenterprise.”()2DOJ/FTCAntitrustGuidelinesfortheLicensingofIntellectualProperty,April6,19958(canbeassociatedwith)(racetothemarket)(HendersonandCockburn(1996))(1)(Arrow(1962))(CohenandKlepper(1996))(Tirole(1997))(racetothemarket)91()(racetothemarket)--(racetothemarket)1DOJFTC10()(1)(Complaint)199620071259()()(2)(3)(4)FDA11(5)3(6)GenzymeNovazyme(FTC)R&DR&D4(7)2(8)(1)GilbertandSunshine(1995)(2)73FTC(1996)4Muris(2004)12(3)(4)KatzandShelanski(2007)(5)1994()135(1)((2008))(2)(3)(IPC(C07C)3.9%1.3%)(4)()6(5)10%()(racetothemarket)5(2008)622%()1014KatzandShelanski(2007)15Arrow,KennethJ.(1962),“EconomicWelfareandtheAllocationofResourcestoInvention,”inR.R.Nelson(ed.),TheRateandDirectionofEconomicActivity,PrincetonUniversityPress,N.Y.Cohen,WesleyM.andS.Klepper(1996),“FirmSizeandtheNatureofInnovationwithinIndustries:TheCaseofProcessandProductR&D,”ReviewofEconomicsandStatistics,vol.78,pp.232-243.FTCStaffReport,1996,Anticipatingthe21stCentury:CompetitionPolicyintheNewHigh-Tech,GlobalMarketplace,Vol.I,ch.7,at16(May)MurisTimothyJ.2004,”StatementofChairmanTimothyJ.MurisinthematterofGenzymeCorporation/NovazymePharmaceuticals,Inc.”FTC,January13,()Gilbert,RichardJ.andS.Steven(1995),“IncorporatingDynamicEfficiencyConcernsinMergerAnalysis:TheUseofInnovationMarkets,”AntitrustLawJournal,vol.63,no.2,pp.569-602.Gilbert,J.Richard(2007),“Competitionandinnovation”,UCBerkeleyWorkingPaper()Henderson,RebeccaandIainCockburn(1996),“Scale,scope,andspillovers:thedeterminantsofresearchproductivityindrugdiscovery,RandJournalofEconomics,27(1),pp.32-59.Katz,LouisM.andH.A.Shelanski(2006),“MergersandInnovation,”74AntitrustL.J.1.Tirole,J.(1997),TheTheoryofIndustrialOrganization,MITPress.(2008).1611.11.1.11.1.21996FTCDOJComplaintFTC20079Complaint7ComplaintAnalysis(FTC)Competitiveimpactstatement(DOJ)Gilbert&Sunshine19951996FTC200791.1.3717lineofcommerceFTCDOJ(DOJ)FTCFTCpreliminaryinjunctionDOJFTCFTC13b(publicinterest)DOJ15FTC73,087(1996)3,702(1997)4,728(1998)4,642(1999)4,926(2000)2,376(2001)1,187(2002)1,014(2003)1,454(2004)1,659(2005)1,768(2006)8SecondRequest99(1996)122(1997)125(1998)113(1999)98(2000)70(2001)49(2002)35(2003)35(2004)50(2005)45(2006)Source:7FTC200798Source:FederalTradeCommissionBureauofCompetitionandDepartmentofJusticeAntitrustDivision,Hart-Scott-RodinoAnnualReports,FiscalYear2006(29thReport)&FiscalYear2005(28thReport).18FTCFTC(Enforcement)11(2007)5(2006)3(2005)5(2004)11(2003)17(2002)159(19972001())Source:FederalTradeCommissionBureauofCompetition,AntitrustEnforcementActivitiesReport(2007,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001)4(2005)10(2006)16(2007420084)91.21.2.15DOJ120075DOJ120062200532004520033DOJ120028DOJ220016DOJ1200011DOJ319994DOJ219985199721996ComplaintFTCDOJ1.2.2379Source:DepartmentofJusticeAntitrustDivisionUpdate(2006,2007,2008).19HologicFischerImaging(FTC,2006)ABBElsagBaileyProcessAutomation(FTC,1999)ZennecaGroupAstra(FTC,1999)SunPharmaceuticalIndustriesTaroPharmaceuticalIndustriesFTC,2008ComplaintAnalysisofAgreementContainingConsentOrderstoAidPublicCommentreduceinnovationcompetition1010UpjohnPharmaciaAktiebolag(FTC,1996)91110OwensCorningSaintGobain(FTC,2007)AspenTechnologyHyprotech(FTC,2003)AmgenImmunex(FTC,2002)BayerAventis(FTC,2002)ChicagoBridge&IronPitt-DesMonies(FTC,2001)DowChemicalUnionCarbide(FTC,2001)NovartisAstraZenecaSyngenta(FTC,2000)HoechstRohne-Poulenc(FTC,2000)Ciba-GeigySandoz(FTC,1997)AutomaticDataProcessingAutoInfo(FTC,1996).11OwensCorningSaintGobain(FTC,2007)AspenTechnologyHyprotech(FTC,2003)BayerAventis(FTC,2002)MSCSoftwareUniversalAnalyticsComputerizedStructuralAnalysis&Research(FTC,2001)GlaxoWellcomeSmithKleinBeecham(FTC,2000)NovartisAstraZenecaSyngenta(FTC,2000)PfizerWarner-Lambert(FTC,2000)HoechstRohne-Poulenc(FTC,2000)Ciba-GeigySandoz(FTC,1997).203121.2.3Ciba-GeigySandoz(FTC,1997)(genetherapytechn