M4U2grammar(2)

Lead-inCanyousingtheEnglishsong?What’sthedefinitionofmodalverbs?•情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。Self-study(参考报纸第41期第3版和课本P28)Whatarethefunctionsofmodalverbs?Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability（能力）2.Obligation（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）4.Permission（允许）5.Makerequests（提出请求）6.Makesuggestions（提出建议）7.Makeoffers（提供帮助）8.Giveadvice（提出意见）Howcanwedealwithexercisesconcerningmodalverbs?Functions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、语境)情态动词表推测mustshould/oughttocan/couldmay/mightExploration1情态动词+havedone情态动词+domust表示推测1.可能性最强，只能用于肯定句e.g.Thatmustbemypen.2.must----很可能can’t----不可能e.g.Thatcan’tbemypen.should/oughtto表示推测1.根据经验的推测，“应当、应该”e.g.Youphotosshouldbereadyby12:00.2.表示“竟然”，带有感情色彩。e.g.Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.can/could表示推测1.常用于否定句或疑问句。e.g.Youcan’tbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!2.can用于肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生e.g.Youcanhurtyourselfifyouplayinthestreet.may/might表示推测1.cannot不可能maynot可能不2.maywell“极有可能”e.g.Lizamaywellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.3.may/mightaswell“不妨,最好”e.g.Youmayaswellstayfordinner.1.ThatbeAnn’shusband,forIamsurethathedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.needn’t2.-Goodmorning.IgotanappointmentwithMissSmithyesterday.-Ah,you______beMr.Peter.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can3.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There______betwelve.A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall4.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would1.musthavedone2.can/can’thavedone3.couldhavedone4.shouldhavedone5.needn’thavedone6.might/mayhavedone情态动词+havedone：表示对过去发生的事进行推测一定做了…可能/不可能做了…本可以做…本该做，而没做…本不必做，而做了…可能做了…1.-Shelooksveryhappy.She__havepassedtheexam.-Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2.She___haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t3.-I’msorry.I___atyoutheotherday.-Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted4.You__theexam,butyouspentallyourtimeplaying.A.canpassB.couldhavepassedC.couldpassD.canhavepassed5.-Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.-Thanks.You____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone6.MyMP4isn’tinmybag.Where_____Ihaveputit？A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would情态动词语法目录1.can/could/beableto2.shall/may/might3.need/must/haveto4.will&would5.dare&need（能够）（能不能）（必须）Exploration2Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn’tlastyear.Itwillbesunnyinthedaytime,butitcouldrainlateronthisevening.-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan.Couldyouwaitafewdaysforthemoney?Thiscan’t/couldn’tbedonebyhim.表示“能力”表示“客观可能性”表示“请求和允许”表示“请求”,口语中代替can,使语气更委婉,主要用于疑问句,答语用can.----CouldIuseyourbiketomorrow?Yes,________.No,_______________.表示不相信的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)”youcanI’mafraidnot1.can和couldcan/beableto区别:can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。He_________fleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.wasableto1.AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.cancannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.Ican’tthankyoutoomuch.•shall•may/might情态动词表请求、允许shall1.，征求对方意见。e.g.Shallwebeginourclass?Shallhegonow?2.shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。e.g.YoushallgetmybookonSunday.Heshallleavethehouseatonce.Thesignreads:Nopersonshallsmokehere!用于第一、三人称Youshallbepunishedforwhatyou'vedone.MayIwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,__________________./No,_______________________.MightIuseyourtelephone?MayIgohomenow?Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone!youmayYoumustn’t允许,许可禁止,阻止Might比May的语气更委婉用于祈使句表示祝愿2.May和Might•must•need•haveto情态动词表必要性must表“必须”don’thavetoneedn’tdodon’tneedto2.must还可表示“偏偏、偏要”e.g.Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?1.不必须mustn’t禁止•must表主观意志，而haveto表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。Itoldherthatshemustgiveupsmoking.比较must&havetoIt’sgettinglate.Ihavetoleavenow.（客观需要）1.You___buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto2.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithfire.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.daren't3.-MayIsmokehere?-Ifyou__,chooseaseatinthesmokingarea.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must1.用于向第二人称，征求对方意见。e.g.Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoor?2.表示个人主观意愿。e.g.Iwillhelpyouanytime.3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。Theoldman__________haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.would表示过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向.“总是,总要usedtodousedto可于状态动词连用would不可以“过去常常，强调现在不了”wouldwill/would1.Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornereveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might2.—What’sthenameofthebook?—Khulaifi._________Ispellitforyou?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词.needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;needtododaretodoneedtobedoneneeddoingdare/need1.判断正误:Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesn