Lesson52Aprettycarpet【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语temporarilyadv.暂时地inchn.英寸(度量单位)spacen.空间actuallyadv.实际上★inchn.英寸(度量单位)foot英尺(pl.feet)mile英里★spacen.空间★actuallyadv.实际上=infact【Text】WehavejustmovedintoanewhouseandIhavebeenworkinghardallmorning.Ihavebeentryingtogetmynewroominorder.ThishasnotbeeneasybecauseIownoverathousandbooks.Tomakemattersworse,theroomisrathersmall,soIhavetemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.Atthemoment,theycovereveryinchoffloorspaceandIactuallyhavetowalkonthemtogetinoroutoftheroom.Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.Shewentintomyroomandgotabigsurprisewhenshesawallthosebooksonthefloor.'ThisistheprettiestcarpetIhaveeverseen,'shesaid.Shegazedatitforsometimethenadded,'Youdon'tneedbookcasesatall.Youcansithereinyoursparetimeandreadthecarpet!'【课文讲解】1、WehavejustmovedintoanewhouseandIhavebeenworkinghardallmorning.现在完成进行时用来强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行,而且动作有现在的结果。现在完成时表示在漫长地时间段,过去发生的,还一定要对现在产生影响;在过去发生的动作,一直延续到现在,现在完成时,动词一定是延续性动词Ithasrainedforhalfday.Ithasbeenraining.2、Ihavebeentryingtogetmynewroominorder.getsth.inorder使……有秩序,把……整理好(get使役动词)inorder整齐,井然有序,有秩序,有次序Get/Puteverythinginorderbeforeyouleavetheroom.3、ThishasnotbeeneasybecauseIownoverathousandbooks.★own①vt.拥有Iownoverathousandbooks.②vt.&vi.承认Heownedtostealingthewallet.Heowned(that)hehadmadeamistake.③adj.自己的Hehasacarofhisown.Helivesinhisownhouse.4、Tomakemattersworse,theroomisrathersmall,soIhavetemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是……,插入语Ilostmywayintheforest,andtomakemattersworse,itbecamedark.ratheradj.相当的5、Atthemoment,theycovereveryinchoffloorspaceandIactuallyhavetowalkonthemtogetinoroutoftheroom.atthemoment=now现在,此刻,目前everyinch每一英寸(夸张)GoldcoveredeveryinchofthegroundinAmerica.Itiswortheverypennyofit.6、Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮某人做某事(to可省略)helpsb.withsth.帮某人做某事HehelpmetolearnEnglish.=HehelpmewithmyEnglish.withone’shelp在某人的帮助下Withyourhelpimadegreatprogress.7、'ThisistheprettiestcarpetIhaveeverseen,'shesaid.“Ihaveeverseen”做定语从句出现,是最高级的标志8、Shegazedatitforsometimethenadded,'Youdon'tneedbookcasesatall.Youcansithereinyoursparetimeandreadthecarpet!'gazedat对……向往,羡慕notatall完全不,起强调作用inone’ssparetime某人空闲的时候,spare表示“空闲的,多余的”Iliketoreadinmysparetime.Haveyougotasparemoment?你(现在)有空吗?【Keystructures】现在完成时,现在完成进行时现在完成时:havedone,表示已完成的动作现在完成进行时:havebeendoing,强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行,而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止,该动作可能已不再继续进行,也可能还在继续进行,这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如allday,allmorning等或for和since。Ihavereadthebook.书已看完Ihavebeenreadingthebook.还没看完,还要继续。表示持续性的动词,如learn,lie,live,rain,sleep,stand,可以同since或for副词短语连用,也可用于以howlong开头的疑问句中:I’vebeenworkingforExxonfor15years.现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作:JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthelastweek.与段时间连用可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,但跟次数连用的,一定只能用完成时,不能用现在完成进行时。Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o’clock.【语法精髓】1、Youshouldgotobed.You_____(watch)TVfor5hours.2、I_____(write)letterssincebreakfast.3、I_____(write)3letterssincebreakfast.4、Sorry,butMr.Smith_____(leave)forBeijing.5、I_____(look)forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?1、havebeenwatching/havewatched2、havingbeenwriting3、havewritten4、hasleft和现在完成进行时连用的,一定不能是次数;和现在完成进行时连用的动词,一定不能是短暂动词,leave是瞬间动词5、havebeenlooking通过“wherecanhebe?”这句话可知人没找到,还要继续找【SpecialDifficulties】形容词、相应的副词及其用法:许多副词,特别是表示方式的副词,皆由形容词加-ly构成,如easy(容易的)easily(容易地),beautiful(漂亮的)beautifully(漂亮地)。一些频度副词也如此构成,如usual(通常)usually(通常地)。还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾:high(高的)highly(高度地),real(真的)really(真正的)。大多数形容词加“ly”变为副词:如beautiful-beautifully,但是不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep);不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late);不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成,但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同,如hard(勤奋的,困难的),hardly(几乎不),cold(冷的)coldly(冷淡的),late(迟到的,晚的)lately(最近,近来),near(近的,接近的)nearly(几乎,差不多,差点儿)。有些副词有两种形式。有的意义相同,如cheap(廉价的)cheaply(廉价地),但有的意义不同如late(迟,晚)lately(近来),hard(努力地,猛烈地)/hardly(几乎不)。lateadj.,adv.迟;latelyadv.近来(=recently)hardadj.,adv.努力地(表示程度深),困难地(=difficult);hardly几乎不highadj.高的,〈adv.高度地;highly〈adv.高度地(不能用尺度测量的,抽象的)deepadj.,adv.深的;deeply〈adv.深度地(不能用尺度测量的,抽象的)nearadj,adv.在旁边的;nearlyadv.几乎,将近。有些副词在形式上与形容词相同,如fast,past,far等。大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词前面,表示时间的副词常位于句尾,有时也可位于句首。程度副词,如almost,enough,hardly,nearly,quite,rather,too等,大部分用在它们所修饰的动词之前。副词修饰动词(walkquickly),形容词(verybeautiful),副词词性本身(verymuch),还可以修饰句子QuiteandQuietquiteadv.完全,相当,很I’mquiteready.我已全准备好了。Areyouquitecertain?你敢完全肯定吗?quietadj.安静的,平静的,静止的,寂静的Theseawasveryquietthismorning.今天上午上海很平静。Thehousebecamequietagainwhenthechildrenweregone.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Hehasbeenworkingallmorningandhe___c___hard.a.stillworksb.hasstillworkedc.isstillworkingd.stillworkedstillworks一般现在时是一种习惯4He'sbeentryingtogethisroominorder.Hewantsto___a___.a.makeittidyb.keepittidyc.madeorderd.keeporderkeeporder保持秩序动词+宾语+形容词(做宾补),此类动词常见的有:get,keep,make,find(其中getmake是使役动词)7Thewriter___c___bookcases.a.needn'tb.needsnotc.doesn'tneedd.isn'tneedingneedn’t情态动词后面不能加动词neednot实义动词后面不能加not,need不用进行时态10Heactuallyhastowalkonthem.Hecan'tdo___c___.a.elseb.differentc.otherwised.otherelse一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anythingelse,anybodyelse,whoelse,whatelse等different形容词,动词后应加副词或名词做宾语,而不是形容词other形容词;theother代词★otherwise①conj.否则,不然Hurryup,