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语法知识梳理专题十六复合句(宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句)中考考点1.宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。2.状语从句中连词的选择和时态的确定。3.定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择。考点一宾语从句1．引导词(1)在that引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。Theradiosays(that)itwillbesunnytomorrow.收音机报道说明天是晴天。(2)连接代词which，what，who或连接副词how,where,why,when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。Couldyoutellme______________toyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？whathesaid(3)whether或if引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。Iwonder__________youhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这则消息了。if/whether[注意]下列几种情况中，宾语从句的引导词通常使用whether：①与ornot连用时，往往用whether；Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.②介词之后用whether；Itdependsonwhetheritwillrain.③不定式前用whetherIdon’tknowwhethertobuyit.2．时态(1)当主句为过去时时，从句要用相应的过去时态。WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我们问琼那时正在做什么。(2)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。Lisaaskedwhetherlight____________fasterthansound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。travels/goes3．语序（从句一定要用陈述语序）Heisagoodchild.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasagoodchild.Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whether______________．Whendidheleave？Idon'tknow.→Idon'tknowwhenheleft.Heasksme,what’sthewaytothebank?heworkshard→Heasksmewhat’sthewaytothebank.[提醒]宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构的简单句。Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon'tknowwhat__________．我不知道要说什么。tosay考点二状语从句分类连接词例句时间状语从句when/while/as,before,after,since,until,assoonasMymotherwasmakingdinnerwhenIgothome.我到家时妈妈正在做晚饭。Shebrushedteethquicklyaftershegotup.她起床后快速地刷牙。条件状语从句if,unless,aslongasIsleepwiththewindowsopenunlessit'sreallycold.除非真的冷，否则我会开着窗户睡觉They'llgohikingifthey'refree.如果他们有空的话，他们将去徒步旅行。原因状语从句because,as,since,forHefeltverysleepybecausehestayeduplatelastnight.他感觉很困倦，因为昨晚他熬夜到很晚。Sincewe'vegotreadyforit,let'ssetoffnow.既然我们已经准备好了，那现在就出发吧。目的状语从句sothat,inorderthatPleasesayitmoreslowlysothatwecanfollowyou.请说更慢一些，以便我们能跟上你。结果状语从句sothat,so…that/such…thatItwassohotthattoomanypeoplewentswimming.天气如此炎热，以至于许多人去游泳。Jackwassuchacleverboythathesolvedthehardproblem.杰克是如此聪明的一个男孩，他解决了那个难题。让步状语从句though/although,evenif/thoughAlthoughitwasverycoldoutside,theywerestillworking.虽然外面很冷，他们仍然在工作。比较状语从句than,as…as,notas/so…asMaryisasquietasherpenpal.玛丽和她的笔友一样文静。[注意]1.主句与从句时态(1)主现从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.过马路时要小心。Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelights____________.当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。turn/arered(2)主将从现：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。Ifshe______heretomorrow,Iwillgototheparkwithher.如果明天她来这里的话，我将和她一起去公园。(3)过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。MyfatherwaswatchingTVwhenIgothomeyesterday.昨天我到家时爸爸正在看电视。comes2．宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。Idon'tknowif(是否)hewillcome.If(如果)hecomes,Iwilltellhimabouttheaccident.我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话，我将告诉他这起事故。Idon'tknowwhen(什么时候)hewillcometomorrow.When(当……的时候)hecomes,Iwilltellhimaboutthenews.我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。考点三定语从句1．关系代词的基本用法引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose,whom),which,that。作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose2．关系代词的特殊用法(1)下列情况关系词只能用that①先行词为不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等时。All(that)youhavetodoistopracticeeveryday.你要做的就是每天练习。Thereisn'tmuch(that)Icando.我能做的不多。②先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。③先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时。ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那边的那个人是谁？⑥先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings________wecouldremember.我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。⑦time作先行词且前面有序数词或last修饰时，定语从句用that来引导(that可省略)。Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwasin1972.我第一次见到他是在1972年。that(2)下列情况只能用which①关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。Thisisthebookfor________youask.这是你要的书。②引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。which考点过关训练1.—Doyouknow________？—Foramonth.A．howlongwillshebeawayB．howlongshewillbeawayC．howoftenwillshegothereD．howoftenshewillgothereB2.—Iwonder________at6：00yesterdayafternoon.—Iwasdoingmyhomeworkinthereadingroom.A．whatwereyoudoingB．whatdidyoudoC．whatyouweredoingD．whatyouaredoingC3．Ihatepeople________laughatotherswhentheyareintrouble.A．whoB．whomC．whichD．they解析考查定语从句的引导词。本句的先行词是people且引导词在定语从句中作主语，故选A。A4．—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikemovies________cancheermeup.A．whoB．whatC．howD．that解析考查定语从句。句意：“你喜欢什么样的电影？”“我喜欢可以使我振作起来的电影。”先行词为movies，且引导词在从句中作主语，故用that或者which，故选D。D5．Stopsmoking,Joe!You________yourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat!A．willkillB．havekilledC．killD．killed解析在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。A6.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.MyfriendsentmeaCD________ismadebyHanGeng.A．whoB．whatC．whichD．whom解析考查定语从句。句意：昨天是我的生日。我朋友送了我一张韩庚的CD。定语从句的先行词为CD，且引导词在从句中作主语，故关系词用which。故选C。C7．—Whatareyoudoing?—I'mreadingthebook________youlentmelastweek.A．whatB．whoC．whenD．thatD8．—IwonderwhetherBrazilwillwinthematchlatertonight.—Gotobedfirst.Iwillwakeyouupassoonasthematch________．A．startsB．startedC．willstartD．isstarting解析句意：“我想知道今晚后半夜巴西是否将能赢得比赛。”“先去睡觉，比赛一开始，我就会把你叫醒。”在时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故选A。A9．—Whatwasyourbrotherdoingatthistimeyesterday?—Hewasreadingamagazine________Iwaswritinganemailathome.A．assoonasB．afterC．untilD．whileD10．—Howsoonwillyoustartyourjourney?—I'mnotsure.Ihav