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限制性定语从句Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.关系代词关系副词注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成：先行词之后“……的”关系词限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句也不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略人；物主语，宾语作宾语可省物主语；宾语作宾语可省人主语；宾语作宾语可省人宾语可省人；物定语不可省关系代词的用法关系代词指代所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1、作主语用who,which和that,如：---Heistheman________livesnextdoor.---Thetrain___________hasjustleftisforShenzhen.who/thatwhich/that2、作宾语用whom,who,which,that,可以省略如：---Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisChenglong.---Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?3.作定语用whose,如：--Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.--ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.whose的先行词常指人，但有时也可指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可与ofwhich结构互换.Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)4、作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.关系代词用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.关系代词的用法练习3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.（二）关系副词的用法指代所做成分是否省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词1、when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如：---IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.---DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwaskilled?2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。先行词通常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。还有表示抽象概念situation,stage,case,scene,point等。--Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.--Iforgettheroomwhereyoulive.3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。例如：---Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：Thatistherealreasonhedidit.4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：(1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如：---IwasinHangzhouonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.---Theofficewhere(=inwhich)Iworkisonthesecondfloor.(2)当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，要注意从句缺乏什么成分.如缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that；如缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，I’llneverforgettheday_____myhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactory_______radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory__________makesradioparts.whenwhich/thatwherewhich/that(3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。(4)关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeak.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词1)当先行词是不定代词时all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等2)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时3)当先行词既有人，又有物时总结:只能用that做关系代词的情况4)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5)在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.Arethesetwosentencesright?toin介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.根据先行词来确定ThisisthepotinwhichIboiledthemilk.Thisisthepot(which/that)Iboiledthemilkin.介词+which/whom结构中介词的确定---2000wastheyearinwhichmydaughterwasborn.(=when)---ThisistheplaceinwhichIgrewup.(=where)--That’sthereasonforwhichhedislikesme.(=why)--ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager--Theperson(who/whom/that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.--Thedog,ofwhichheusedtobeafraid,isherfavoriteanimalnow.(beafraidof)2.根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定3.根据从句所表达的意思来确定Water,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.4.当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.介词+which/whose+n.---Ioftengetupatsix,atwhichtimeitisstillverydarkinwinter.----Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen.名词+of+which/whom--Thisistheladythesonofwhomisafamouswriter.(=whoseson)--Thesepeople,themajorityofwhomarefarmers,disagreedwiththeplan.--Thecake,halfofwhichwaseaten,wasboughtforLily’sbirthday.1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.2.Iwenttotheplace_______________Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.3.Thisisthereason______________hewaslate.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhich几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词why/forwhich1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.4.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______madeothersupset.5.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.thatthatthatthat,which,whose,whomorwho?whichwhich6.Isthereanythingelse_______youwanttosay?7.Anyperson_______hasthemoneycanj