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1LESSON1GLOBALWARMING1GlobalWarmingIngroupsdiscusswhatyouknowaboutglobalwarming.Lookatthepicturestogetideas.TrafficJamFactory5ThegreenhouseeffectistheriseintemperaturethattheEarthexperiencesbecausecertaingasesintheatmosphere(watervapor,carbondioxide,nitrousoxide,andmethane,forexample)trapenergyfromthesun.Withoutthesegases,heatwouldescapebackintospaceandEarth’saveragetemperaturewouldbeabout60ºFcolder.Becauseofhowtheywarmourworld,thesegasesarereferredtoasgreenhousegases.TheGreenhouseEffectTheGreenhouseEffect7Withoutthisgreenhouseheating,theEarth'saveragetemperaturewouldbeonlyabout-73C(-100F);eventheoceanswouldbefrozenundersuchconditions,suchastheMoonandtheMars.MarsMoon8WhatAreGreenhouseGases?Somegreenhousegasesoccurnaturallyintheatmosphere,whileothersresultfromhumanactivities.Naturallyoccuringgreenhousegasesincludewatervapor,carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,andozone.Certainhumanactivities,however,addtothelevelsofmostofthesenaturallyoccurringgases.9Owingtotheriseinatmosphericcarbondioxidecausedbymodernindustrialsocieties'widespreadcombustionoffossilfuels(coal,oil,andnaturalgas),thegreenhouseeffectonEarthmaybeintensifiedandlong-termclimaticchangesmayresult.Whenfacedwiththisquestion,asindividualsshouldrecognizethatcollectivelywecanmakeadifference.Whatdifferencecanwemake?IndividualTakingactiononglobalwarming(orclimatechange)issimilar.Insomecases,itonlytakesalittlechangeinlifestyleandbehaviortomakesomebigchangesingreenhousegasreductions.Forothertypesofactions,thechangesaremoresignificant.Whenthatactionismultipliedbythe1.3billionpeopleintheChina.Orthe6billionpeopleworldwide,thesavingsaresignificant.TakingpublictransportlikebusescanreducegreenhousegasemissionsAndTakingtraincanalsohelpareductionofgreenhousegas.TherecyclingsymbolBuytherecycledproductsRecycledproductsRecyclingthebottlesYourglassbottlescouldberecycledintohouseinsulation,plasticbottlescouldbemadeintoacosyfleecejacket.Paperrecyclingyourpapercouldbecomepartofaroadorrace-trackusinglow-flowshowerheadsbuyingenergy-efficientlightbulbsreplacewithVocabularyUsetheexpressionsintheboxinthecorrectformtocompletethesentences.beyondourcontrol,pumpinto,asaresultof,inlargequantities,referto,speedup1Waterwasthefishpondfromtheriver.2Weallneedtotofinishintime!pumpedintospeedup3Thereisnothingmorewecando.thesituationisnow.4theaccident,sheisnowafraidofwater.5Thescientistglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.6Thefactorywasproducinggreenhousegases.beyondourcontrolAsaresultofreferredtoinlargequantitiesGrammar:ReportingWhatverbsareusedinthetexttoreportthesestatements?Example1=toreportthat1HumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth’sclimate.2GasespumpedintotheEarth’satmosperehavebeenspeedinguptheprocessofglobalwarming.toreportthattoclaimthat5Globalwarmingwillcausedramaticclimatechangesincludingmorefrequentfloods,heatwaves,anddroughts.3Globalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury.tobelievethattoinsistthat4Globalwarmingismostlyduetohumanactivities.towarnthatLookatthesesentencesfromthetextandexplainwhytheunderlinedverbsarenotthesametenseasthereportingverbs.1RecentreportfromtheIPCCwarnedthatglobalwarmingwillcausedramaticclimatechanges.2ScientistfoundthatthetemperatureoftheEarthiscontrolledbygreenhousegases.BecauseitisinthefutureBecauseitisageneraltruthMatchthesentenceswithappropriatereportingverbsfromthelist.Thenwritethereportedsentences.admit,boast,forbid,inquire,invite,order,suggest,threaten1We’llclosecreditlinesifyoudon’treducecarbondioxideemissions.Theythreatenedtoclosethecreditlinesifwedon’treduceCabondioxideemissions.3Whydon’tyoudropintonight?2OK,youareright,somepoisionouschemicaldidescapeintotheatmospere.Theyadmittedthatsomepoisonouschemicalshadescapedintotheatmosphere.He/She/Theyinvitedmetodropintonight.He/She/Theyorderedmetostandupimmediately.He/She/Theyforbadeustouseourdictionariesduringthetest.He/Sheboastedthathe/sheisthebeststudentinthatschool.4Standupimmediately!5I’mthebeststudentinthisschool!6Youcan’tuseyourdictionariesduringthetest.8Isthebusservicerunningaccordingtothetimetabletoday?He/She/Theysuggestedhaving/thatweshouldhaveacupoftea.I/He/She/They/Weinquiredifthebusservicewasrunningaccordingtothetimetabletoday.7Shallwehaveacupoftea?10usethefollowingverbstoreportthetwodialogues.a)admit,advise,promise,warnTom:Idon’tthinkyoushouldplaythegametoday,John.John:You’reright.I’mstillalittlebitill,butIpromiseIwon’toverdoit.TomadvisedJohnnottoplaythegametoday.JohnadmittedthatTomwasrightbecausehewasalittlebitill.Hepromisednottooverdoit.Tom:Becareful.IfyouyunaroundtoomuchinthisWeatheryoumaygetanotherattackofthe“flu”.TomwarnedJohntobecarefulbecauseifheranaoundtoomuchintheweatherhemightgetanotherattackoftheflu.b)accuse,beg,complain,deny,explain,refuseDaughter:Mum,please,willyoubuymethisCD?I’vealwayswantedit.Mother:Sarah,youknowIcan’taffordit.Whydoyoualwaysaskmetobuyyouexpensivethings?SarahbeggedhermothertobuyhertheCDbecauseshealwayswantedit.Hermotherrefusedandexplainedthatshecouldn’taffordit.Shecomplainedthatherdaughterwasalwaysaskinghertobuyherexpensi