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2ATentativeStudyonChina'sRuralMarketizationDissertationSubmittedtoTsinghuaUniversityinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofDoctorofLawbyXiJinpingMarxistTheoryandEducationinIdeologyandPoliticsDissertationSupervisor:ProfessorLiuMeixun3()IIIAbstractRuralMarketizationinChinaisanewtheoreticalissuearisingwiththedeepeningofpeople'stheoreticalunderstandingandimprovementofruralmarketeconomypractices.Intheprocessofreformandopeningovertheyears,theprimaryruralmarketeconomysystemhasbeenconstructed,witchhaslargelyliberatedanddevelopedtheruralproductiveforcesandpromotedsustainable,rapidandcomprehensivedevelopmentofruraleconomy.However,inthemeanwhile,somenewcriticalproblemshavealsoappearedwhichmaywelldeserveourattention.Inbrief,“wherewillthegoodsbesold,wherewillthemoneycomefrom,andwherewillthelaborsgo?”havenowcontributedasthethreemajorissuesinthepresentruraleconomicdevelopment.Throughdetailedanalysisofthecausesofthethreemajorissues,theauthorbelievesthatallofthemarecloselyrelatedtothemarket.Inamarketeconomy,agriculturalproductsaresoldinthemarket,themoneythatagricultureandruraldevelopmentneedcomesfromthemarket,theruralsurpluslabormigratesorderlythroughtherationalallocationfunctionofthemarket.Inparticular,marketshouldbereliedontosolvetheproblemsinthestructuraladjustmentofagriculturalindustryandtheincreaseofthefarmers'income,whichisthecurrentfocusinmanyruralareas.Thus,thepaperdisposestheimportanttheoreticalandpracticalsignificanceofstudyingandsolvingruralmarketizationproblems,withtheunderstandingthatruralmarketizationistheinevitableorientationinbuildinganddevelopingruralsocialistmarketeconomy.Ruralmarketizationisanimportantmeasuretobreakthebafflesthatconstrainttheruralreformanddevelopment.ItalsoaccountsforanecessaryandsignificantpremiseforagriculturalmodernizationinChina.Atfirst,thepaperdiscussesthecriticalproblemofwhytheoreticalstudiesshouldprecedeactualpracticesinthedevelopmentofruralsocialistmarketeconomy.Italsoreviewsandanalyzestheachievements,problems,difficultiesandcausesoftheIIIconstructionofruralmarketizationsincereformandopening.Then,itstudieshowthebasicsituationofasocialism-initial-stagecountryaffectsruralmarketbuildingandtheobjectiverequirementstodevelopsocialistmarketeconomy.AnditanalyzesandusesforreferencethesuccessfulexperiencesofagriculturalmarketizationindevelopedcountriesandopensouttheimmanentlawofChina'sruralareamarketbuildingandtherelationshipsamongindustrialization,urbanizationandruralmarketizationinChina.Inaddition,itbringsforwardbasicthoughtsandapproachestoaccelerateruralmarketbuildinginsocialistmarketeconomy.Theauthorresearchesonthefollowingimportantissuesencirclingtherequirementofdevelopingruralsocialistmarketeconomy,suchashowtoachievethesystemandmechanismofruralmarket,howtoenhancethecompetitivenessoftheagriculturalproductsintheworldmarkets,howtoimprovetheabilitytoenterandoccupythemarkets,howtostrengthenthegovernment'smacroeconomicregulationontheconstructionofruralmarketization,etc.Finally,thepaperputsforwardvaluabletheoreticalthoughtsandpolicysuggestions.ThepapercombinesthetheoryofMarxistpoliticaleconomics,especiallyitssocialistmarketeconomytheorywithwesternmarketeconomytheory,andwiththerelateddisciplinesofeconomicssuchasdevelopmenteconomics,agriculturaleconomics,etc.Byusingsystemicanalyticmethodsofmaterialsdialecticsandthecomparativemethodsofcorrelateddisciplines,thepaperintegratesnormativeanalysiswithpositiveanalysis,withanattempttomaketheresearchofruralmarketizationmoresystemic,morescientificinthetheoryandmorepertinent,moredirectiveinpractice.Keywords:China’sruralityruralmarketeconomyruralmarketizationIVV~332~~~VI54VII93939498103109112113117118118120120120120122125125125126VIII128130130131132134134134132137137138138138140141142143143146146146147148148IX148149149149149149151WTO157166167111119975211810%1998199919989~102~3230225819992~31999824%30.2%80%1~102%12%3906391%411992514~68.519928311199221996126519987~7~89198051198310119831111991819944101995676551983121972O(1961)19906111199219641979111978[]199811121311415WTO16111740018191985202122200100~1502319927056GDP20%233%GDP5%;1%~3%28GDP3%~5%;GDP3%101%1%0.5%0.7%40%70%2490%200024915.819782.49197880%200055.7%44.3%;46217.5197815740.5;1/3;2253.419782119.87.4%;19782.5200030002526639127~198398.6%97.7%19791982377.5303.2198319844612542419791824.8%30%50%30%5%281985198819865817141161991198467.5%14.4%18.1%22.2%20.0%57.8%198411984119901019941219931994122919961131993219985200024148200020045197894.4%199815%19983019992001820008881119852747424279.6198537.43140008040%60%2000188519782.070%~~~312000122.873.71984321402000812115410200090817.119782313.5~~19963219995.5%9.5%11.3%11.4%.18.2%10.1%9.8%1199988516447151.98262360.59424326271.6200017201.8436567.63657.730.3810%33234199619995.5%9.5%3411.3%11.4%1998420199917%5039836%199910.6%40%11%4.4%11.4%7.8%7.1%24.8318.6580406084%72%8083%199835%21702130199767750.7474336445%2000122.84.1%200017.1013.5%351978~2000331998126.47%18.81/6~~1362030233777%51.9%60%19971949~19904.3490823300042014383919781994M1M2M3M4Mt341978MtM1M2M3M410%1