第5章泵与风机的理论基础5-18一台普通风机n=1000r/min时,性能如下表,应配备多少功率电机?全压(Pa)2610255024702360221020301830流量(m3/h)47710534925927665058708417662482407全效率(%)82.687.588.289.088.085.780.4解:由式1000PQN求出该风机在各工况点下的功率如表所示。全压(Pa)2610255024702360221020301830流量(m3/h)47710534925927665058708417662482407流量(m3/s)13.2514.8616.4718.0719.6821.2822.89全效率(%)82.687.588.289.088.085.780.4功率N(kw)41.8843.3146.1247.9249.4250.452.10以各工况下最大的N为选择电机的依据;参考教材表5-4-1(书P161),确定电机容量储备系数K,取K=1.15,所配电机kW6010.5215.1MN,即取定60kw电机。5-195-18题那台风机,当转速提到n=1500r/min和降到n=700r/min时,性能如何变化?列出性能表。分别应配备多大功率的电机?解:由题意,叶轮直径D和密度不变,各相似工况点满足''nnQQ2''nnPP由两式分别计算改变转速后风机的性能,列于表中:当n=1500r/min时的性能参数全压(Pa)48605737.55557.553104972.54567.54117.5流量(m3/h)71565802388891497587106261.5114936123610.5全效率(%)82.687.588.289.088.085.780.4功率(kW)117.0146.1155.6161.7166.8170.2175.8取K=1.15,kW2.2028.17515.1MN,按电机系列可配NM=200kw当n=700r/min时的性能参数全压(Pa)1278.91249.51210.31156.41082.9994.7896.7流量(m3/h)3339737444.441493.245540.649588.753636.857684.9全效率(%)82.687.588.289.088.085.780.4功率(kW)14.414.915.816.417.017.317.9取K=1.15,kW6.209.1715.1MN,按电机系列可配21kw电机。5-20已知4-72-11No.6C型风机在转速为1250rpm时的实测参数如下表所列,求:(1)各测点的全效率;(2)绘制性能曲线图;(3)写出该风机最高效率点的性能参数。计算及图表均要求采用国际单位制。序号12345678H(mmH2O)8684838177716559P(N/m2)843.4823.8814.0794.3755.1696.3637.4578.6Q(m3/h)5920664073608100880095001025011000N(kW)1.691.771.861.962.032.082.122.15解:(1)全效率计算公式为kW2.2028.17515.1MN各测点全效率计算结果见下表:序号12345678P(N/m2)843.4823.8814.0794.3755.1696.3637.4578.6Q(m3/h)1.6441.8442.0442.2502.4442.6392.8473.056N(kW)1.691.771.861.962.032.082.122.15%82.0785.8489.4791.1890.9388.3485.6082.23绘制性能曲线图如下图。(2)该风机最高效率点性能参数如下:流量smQ/250.23;全压a3.794PP;功率kWN96.1;全效率%18.91。5-21根据题5-20中已知的数据,试求4-72-11系列风机的无因次性能参数,从而绘制该系列风机的无因次性能曲线。计算中叶轮直径D2=0.6m。解:全压系数22uPP;流量系数22224uDQQ;功率系数PQN;m/s27.39606.012506022Dnu列表计算如下:序号12345678P(N/m2)843.4823.8814.0794.3755.1696.3637.4578.6Q(m3/h)1.6441.8442.0442.2502.4442.6392.8473.056N(kW)1.691.771.861.962.032.082.122.15%82.0785.8489.4791.1890.9388.3485.6082.23流量系数Q0.1480.1660.1840.2030.2200.2380.2560.275全压系数P0.4540.4540.4540.4540.4540.4540.3430.312功率系数N0.0820.0880.0930.1010.1100.1220.1030.1044-72-11系列风机的无因次性能图5-22利用上题得到的无因次性能曲线求4-72-11No.5A型风机在n=2900rpm时的最佳效率点的各性能参数值,并计算该机的比转数sn的值。计算时D2=0.5m。解:根据相似律,4-72-11No.5A型风机在最佳效率点的流量系数、全压系数和功率系数分别为:203.0Q,428.0P,095.0N。m/s92.75605.029006022Dnu,则在该工况点,流量/sm021.392.755.04203.0432222uDQQ全压PauPP9.296892.75204.1428.0222功率WuDuNN983692.755.0492.75204.1095.042222222或功率9836W%18.91021.39.2968PQN比转数4.14204.19.2968021.3290043214321PQnns5-234-72-11No.5A型风机在n=2900rpm时性能参数如下表,利用表中的数据,结合5-21题结果验证是否可以用同一无因次性能曲线代表这一系列风机的性能。计算中叶轮直径D2=0.5m。序号12345678H(mmH2O)324319313303290268246224P(N/m2)3177.53128.43069.62971.52844.02628.32412.52196.8Q(m3/h)7950891798801085011830127301375014720N(kW)8.528.99.429.910.310.510.710.9解:列表计算各点的流量系数、全压系数、功率系数,绘制无因次性能曲线,见题5-23图。与5-21题计算所得的无因次曲线对比,表明可以用同一无因次性能曲线代表这一系列风机的性能。解:全效率计算公式为NPQ,全压系数22uPP;流量系数22224uDQQ;功率系数PQN;m/s92.75605.029006022Dnu。列表计算如下:序号12345678H(mmH2O)324319313303290268246224P(N/m2)3177.53128.43069.62971.52844.02628.32412.52196.8Q(m3/h)7950891798801085011830127301375014720N(kW)8.528.99.429.910.310.510.710.982.4%87.1%89.4%90.5%90.7%88.5%86.1%82.4%流量系数Q0.1480.1660.1840.2020.2200.2370.2560.274全压系数P0.4580.4510.4430.4290.4100.3790.3480.317功率系数N0.0820.0860.0910.0960.1000.1020.1040.1055-24某单吸单级离心泵,Q=0.0735m3/s,H=14.65m,用电机由皮带拖动,测得n=1420rpm,N=13.3kW;后因改为电机直接联动,n增大为1450rpm,试求此时泵的工作参数为多少?解:此时泵的工作参数计算如下:流量smnnQQ/0751.0142014500735.0''3扬程mnnHH28.151420145065.14''22功率kWnnNN16.14142014503.13''33效率795.0100016.14807.9100028.150751.0'''NHgQ5-25在n=2000rpm的条件下实测以离心式泵的结果为:Q=0.17m3/s,H=104m,N=184kW。如有一与之几何相似的水泵,其叶轮比上述泵的叶轮大一倍,在1500rpm之下运行,试求在效率相同的工况点的流量、扬程及效率各为多少?解:此时泵的工作参数计算如下:流量smnnDDQQ/02.120001500217.0'''33322扬程mnnDDHH234200015002104'''222222功率kWnnDDNN2484200015002184'''353522效率'942.01000184104807.9100017.0NgHQ5-26有一转速为1480r/min的水泵,理论流量smQ/0833.03,叶轮外径mmD3602,叶轮出口有效面积2023.0mA,叶片出口安装角302,试作出口速度三角形。假设01u。试计算此泵的理论压头TH。设涡流修正系数77.0k,理论压头TH为多少?(提示:先求出口绝对速度的径向分速2r,作出速度三角形。)解:smAQr/622.3023.00833.02smDnu/897.276036.014806022出口速度三角形见习题5-26图。smuru/624.21577.0622.3897.2730tan222OmHuugHTuTTuTT2112251.61)0624.21897.27(807.911OmHkHHTT236.4751.6177.0习题5-26图