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I.TouristResortExplanation1TheSunYat-SenMemorialHallSunYat-SenwastheforerunneroftheChinesebourgeoisdemocraticrevolution.HewasbornonNovember12,1866inafarmer’sfamilyintheCuihengVillageinXiangshanCounty(thepresent-dayZhonghanCity)inGuangdongProvince.Attheageof12,hewenttoHonolulu,wherehiselderbrothersenthimtoamissionaryschool.Later,hecamebacktoHongKongtostudyinacollegeofWesternmedicineand,aftergraduation,practicedmedicineinGuangzhouandMacao.So,eversincehewasachild,hehadbeeninfluencedbytheWesternideasofChristianityanddemocracyandthishadhelpedhimmakeuphismindtocuretheillsoftheoldfeudalChinaandturnitintoademocraticandstrongnation.Atfirst,hehadillusionsabouttheQinggovernmentandhopedtosavethismoribundregimetroughreforms.But,China’sdefeatsbyforeigninvadersandthecorruptionandincompetenceoftheQinggovernmentintensifiedhispatrioticindignation.HedecidedthattheQingcourtwasrottentothecoreandmustbeoverthrownandreplacedbyademocraticrepublic.So,in1894,togetherwithsometwentyChineseshop-keeperandfarm-ownersinHonolulu,heestablishedthefirstChinesebourgeoisrevolutionaryorganization-theSocietyfortheRevivalofChina(theXingZhongHui).Inthefollowingspring,hereturnedtoHongKongandstagedthefirstarmeduprisingagainsttheQingDynastyinGuangzhou;butitendedinfailure.Then,in1905,hewenttoJapan,wherehefoundedChina’sfirstpoliticalpartycalledpartycalled“ChinaRevolutionaryLeague”(theTongMengHui),whichlaterdevelopedintotheNationalistParty(theGuomintang).SincethenhehadmadesuccessiveattemptstotoppletheQingregimeandfinallysucceededintheWuchangUprisingthatbrokeoutinOctober1911.TheQingregimewasoverthrownandhewaselectedtheprovisionalpresidentoftheinterimgovernmentoftheRepublicofChinainNanjing.Thispoliticalpower,however,wassoontakenoverbythewarlords.Thenin1920,SunYat-SencamebacktoGuangzhoutosetupanewgovernmentcalledtheSouthRevolutionaryGovernment.In1921,heproclaimedhisextraordinarypresidencyinGuangzhou.In1925,hediedofillnessinBeijingandwasburiedlaterinNanjing.SunYat-SenhaddevotedallhislifetothecauseoftheChinesedemocraticrevolution,andthe1911revolutionheledhadputanendtothefeudalmonarchythathadexistedinChinaforseveralthousandofyears.TocommemoratehisgreatcontributionstotheChineserevolution,peopleofGuangzhouhadthismemorialhallbuiltin1929-1931,attheoriginalsiteoftheformerpresidentialhouseoftheSouthRevolutionaryGovernment,whichwasburneddownin1922byarebelwarlord,ChenJiongmingbyname.TheSunYat-SenMemorialHallisanoctagonalpalace-likereinforcedconcretestructure,58metershighwithafloorspaceof12thousandsquaremeters.ItlookslikeatraditionalChinesepalaceinappearancebutwasconstructedwithmodernarchitecturaltechnique.InfrontofthehallstandsabronzestatueofSunYat-Sen,whichis5.5metershighandweighs3.9tons.UponthefacadebelowoneoftheeavesiswrittenSunYat-Sen’smotto,meaning“ChinaBelongstothePeople”inEnglish(orliterarily“LetPublicSpiritednessRuleundertheSky”).Insidethebuildingisaconferencehallwithaseatingcapacityof3,238people.And,thankstotheingeniousdesigningofthearchitect,theacousticsofthehallareexcellentandthereisnopillartoobstructthespectator’sviewbecausetheeightpillarssustainingthefourlong-spannedsteeltrussessupportingthehugedomedroofarehiddeninthewalls.Today,theSunYat-SenMemorialHallisstillonethemainplacesformassmeetingsortheatricalperformancesinGuangzhou.Atthebackofthehall,thereisa2-storiedbuildingoneachside.Inthebackyardareplantedover70speciesoftreesandflowers.Amongthemakapoktreeisalreadyover300hundredyearsoldandthetwomagnoliatreesonbothsidesofthegardenareover70yearsold.ThesetwomagnoliatreesaretheoldestmagnoliatreesinGuangzhouandhavegrownupto90centimetersindiameter,eachgivingashadeofover200squaremeters.ThemagnificentSunYat-SenMemorialHallwasdesignedbyayoungChinesearchitect,bythenameofLuYan-zhi,whowasborninTianjin,graduatedfromtheQinghuaUniversityinBeijingandlaterstudiedarchitectureintheCornellUniversityintheUSA.Hediedoflongcancerin1929,attheageof36,beforethehallwasbuilt.2KaipingDiaolouandLiYuanSightseeingSitesGeneralIntroduction__ArchitecturalstyleofDiaolou__DiaolouClustersinZiliVillage__YinglonglouinChikanTown__RuishilouinXiangangTown__DenglouoftheFang’sFamilyinTangkouTown__KaipingLiyuanGeneralIntroductionLadiesandgentlemen,welcomeyoutoKaiping.KaipingcityislocatedinthesouthwesternpartofthePearlRiverDelta.Itis100kmawayfromGuangzhouinthenortheast.KaipingisoneoftherenownedhomestooverseasChinese.Itisfamousforthemultifunctionalvillagehouseswiththeirownstyle.ShallIspareafewminutestogiveabriefbackgroundoftheseconstructions?Yes.OK.Chinesepeople,especiallyoverseasChinese,havelongbeenknowntohaveastronghomesickcomplex.Manyofthemsenttheirsavingsbackhome.Quitealotreturnedtohometowntobuyapieceofland,buildtheirownhouseandgetmarried.InthelateMingandtheearlyQingDynasties,theystartedtobuildmulti-storeyed,defensivehousescalledDiaoLou.Doyouhaveanyideaswhytheymadetheirhousesinthatway?Haha,herecometwomainreasons.Oneisthatfloodsfrequentlystruckthiscityasitwasinarelativelylow-lyingplace.Theotheristhatthecityusedtohavebadsocialorder.ThosereturnedoverseasChineseorthosewhohadrelativesabroadwereprettywell-off.